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zinc
Metallic chemical element, chemical symbol Zn, atomic number 30. Zinc is a bluish silver metal, ductile when very pure but brittle otherwise. It forms brass (with copper) and many other alloys. Its major use is in galvanizing iron, steel, and other metals. Zinc is an essential trace element, particularly in red blood cells; in snails, it corresponds to iron in the blood of vertebrates. Zinc oxide is used as a pigment, ultraviolet light absorber (to prevent sunburn), dietary supplement and seed treatment, and photoconductor. Zinc's many other compounds (in which it has valence 2 or, rarely, 1) are used in industrial and consumer applications, incl. as pesticides, pigments, mordants (see dye), fluxes, and wood preservatives.


Zinovyev
Soviet politician. An early activist with the Bolsheviks (1903), he became V. Lenin's close collaborator in exile (1909-17) and in the Russian Revolution of 1917, helping win public support for the Bolshevik regime. By 1921 he was head of the Petrograd (St. Petersburg) soviet and a member of the Politburo. He was chairman of the Comintern 1919-26, and helped J. Stalin oust L. Trotsky. He was removed from power by Stalin in 1926. In 1935 he was arrested for conspiracy and sentenced to prison; the next year he was retried in the first of the Purge Trials and executed.


Zwicky
Swiss-U.S. astronomer and physicist. He received his PhD from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and moved to the U.S. in 1925 to work at Caltech, where he remained until 1972. In 1934, with Walter Baade (1893-1960), he proposed that supernovas are a class of stellar explosion completely different from novas. He conducted an extensive search of neighboring galaxies for supernovas, and discovered 18; only about 12 had been recorded previously in the entire history of astronomy. In the years 1943-46 he developed some of the earliest jet engines.

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