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Baku
City (pop., 1995 est.: 1,740,000), capital of Azerbaijan. Located on the W shore of the Caspian Sea at the sea's best harbor, Baku has long been inhabited. By the 11th cent. AD, it was in the possession of the Shirvan shahs, who made it their capital in the 12th cent. In 1723 Peter the Great took Baku, but returned it to Persia in 1735; Russia captured the town finally in 1806. It was the capital of the Bolshevik government in 1917, and became the capital of the new Soviet republic of Azerbaijan in 1920. The basis of Baku's economy is petroleum.


hake
Any of several large marine fishes (genus Merluccius) usually considered part of the cod family. Hakes are elongated, large-headed fishes with large, sharp teeth, two dorsal fins (one notched), and a notched anal fin. They are swift carnivores and, though somewhat soft-fleshed, are used as food. Hakes are found throughout the Atlantic, in the E Pacific, and along New Zealand. In E N. America, the name is also applied to several related marine fishes (genus Urophycis), incl. the economically important white hake and red hake.


lake
Relatively large body of slow-moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin. Lakes are most abundant in high N latitudes and in mountain regions, particularly those that were covered by glaciers in recent geologic times. The primary sources of lake water are melting ice and snow, springs, rivers, runoff from the land surface, and direct precipitation. In the upper part of lakes there is a good supply of light, heat, oxygen, and nutrients, well distributed by currents and turbulence. As a result, a large number of diverse aquatic organisms can be found there. The most abundant forms are plankton (chiefly diatoms), algae, and flagellates. In the lower levels and in the sediments, the main forms of life are bacteria. See also limnology.


oak
Any of about 450 species of ornamental and timber trees and shrubs that make up the genus Quercus in the beech family, found throughout temperate climates. Oaks are deciduous trees that bear spring catkins (male flowers) and spikes (female flowers) on the same tree. The leaves have lobed, toothed, or smooth margins. The fruit is the acorn. They are hardy and long-lived shade trees. White oaks have smooth leaves and rapidly germinating sweet acorns; red, or black, oaks have bristle-tipped leaves and bitter, hairy acorns. Red- and white-oak lumber is used in construction, flooring, furniture, millwork, barrel making, and the production of crossties, structural timbers, and mine props. The genus includes many ornamentals and natural hybrids.


sake
Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice. It dates to at least the 3rd cent. AD. Sake is light in color and non-carbonated, with a sweet flavor; its alcohol content is about 18% by volume. Often mistakenly called a wine, sake is closer in its method of manufacture to beer. Steamed ...

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