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Fairbanks
City (pop., 1996 est.: 33,000), E central Alaska, situated at the junction of the Tanana and Chena rivers. Founded in 1902 after a gold strike, it was named for Charles W. Fairbanks. As the N terminus of the Alaska Highway and the railroad, it is the main supply center for the N Alaskan oil business (see Trans-Alaska Pipeline). Located nearby are Ft. Wainwright, Eielson Air Force Base, and the Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks (1917). It is the site of the annual 800-mi (1,290-km) Yukon Marathon boat race and the N. Amer. Championship Sled Dog Races.
Hadrian
Roman emperor (117-38), Trajan's nephew and successor. After years of intrigue, he was adopted and named successor just before Trajan's death. He executed his senatorial opponents, abandoned Trajan's conquests in Armenia and Mesopotamia, and coped with unrest in Mauretania and Parthia. He traveled widely, and many of his accomplishments were related to his visits abroad. He began construction of Hadrian's Wall, and he visited and disciplined troops in Algeria and elsewhere. An admirer of Greek civilization, he completed the temple of Zeus in Athens and created a federation of Greek cities. He launched a building program at Delphi and was initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries. After his young companion Antino\u00fc s drowned in the Nile (130), he grieved openly; he erected statues of the boy throughout the realm, and cults sprang up widely. He named Antoninus Pius his successor, to be followed by Marcus Aurelius.
Zaria
Historic kingdom and traditional emirate, N Nigeria. It was founded in the 11th cent. and was the southernmost of the original seven Hausa Bakwai states. Islam was introduced c.1456, and there were Muslim Hausa rulers in the early 16th cent. A Songhai warrior conquered Zazzau c.1512. By the end of the century it was renamed Zaria and was in decline. It became a tributary state (c.1734-1804) of the Bornu kingdom. In 1804 it came under the Fulani Muslims. The Zaria emirate was created in 1835. It remains one of Nigeria's largest traditional emirates, and it is one of the nation's leading producers of cotton for export.
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