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Zacatecas
City (pop., 1990: 100,000), capital of Zacatecas state, Mexico. It lies in a deep, narrow ravine, 8,189 ft (2,496 m) above sea level. Founded in 1548, two years after silver was discovered in the area, it was given city status in 1585. Until the 19th cent., the mines around Zacatecas yielded one-fifth of the world's silver. Still a mining center, it is also a commercial and manufacturing center. Noted for its cathedral, it is located near the extensive Indian ruins of Chicom\u00f3 ztoc, southwest of the city.
State (pop., 1995 est.: 1,336,000), N central Mexico. It covers an area of 28,973 sq mi (75,040 sq km); its capital is Zacatecas city. Located within a central plateau, it is traversed by several mountain ranges, whose average elevation is 7,700 ft (2,350 m). Its mineral wealth was discovered soon after the Spanish conquest, and some of its mines, still worked, date from the mid-16th cent. Agriculture, livestock-raising, and meat processing are also important to the economy.
Zapotec
Indian population living in the state of Oaxaca, in S Mexico. Early Zapotec civilization, centered on Monte Alb\u00e1 n (near the modern city of Oaxaca), produced the first writing in Mesoamerica and devised the 52-year round calendar later borrowed by other groups. Present-day traditional Zapotec society is largely agricultural, and slash-and-burn clearing techniques are used in cultivation. The major crafts include pottery and weaving. The Zapotecs profess Roman Catholicism, but belief in spirits and myths persists. See also Mesoamerican civilization.
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