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Possible definitions for zabism
Babism
Religion that developed in Iran around Mirza Ali Muhammad's claim (1844) to be the Bab. Its beliefs are set forth in the Bayan, a holy book written by the Bab, which proclaims a universal law in place of all existing religious legal codes. Babism originated as a messianic movement in Shiite Islam. In 1867 the movement split, with the Azalis remaining faithful to the original teachings of the Bab and those of his successor Sobh-e Azal. Most Babis accepted the leadership of Sobh-e Azal's half-brother Baha Ullah, and under him the Baha'i faith was developed.
Cubism
Movement in the visual arts created by P. Picasso and G. Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. They were later joined by J. Gris, F. L\u00e9 ger, R. Delaunay, and others. The name derives from a review that described Braque's work as images composed of cubes. The style was inspired by African sculpture and the later paintings of P. C\u00e9 zanne. A major source of abstract art, it emphasized the flat, two-dimensional, fragmented surface of the picture plane, rejecting perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro in favor of geometrical forms. Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) signaled the new style, which strongly influenced 20th-cent. sculpture and architecture. Cubism is recognized as a turning point in Western art.
Maoism
Variation of Marxism and Leninism developed by Mao Zedong. It diverged from its antecedents in its agrarian focus: Mao substituted the dormant power of the peasantry (discounted by traditional Marxists) for the urban proletariat that China largely lacked. The Maoist faith in revolutionary enthusiasm and the positive value of the peasants' lack of sophistication as opposed to technological or intellectual elites fueled the Great Leap Forward of the 1950s and the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and '70s. The disastrous consequences of both upheavals led Mao's successors to abandon Maoism as counterproductive to economic growth and social order. Maoism was embraced by insurgent guerrilla groups worldwide; under the Khmer Rouge it became Cambodia's national ideology.
Nabis
(from Hebrew, navi, "prophet, seer") Group of French artists who paved the way for the development of abstract art in the early 20th cent. The Nabis preached that a work of art is the visual expression of an artist's synthesis of nature and his or her personal aesthetic. They were influenced by P. Gauguin and the Pont-Aven school, as well as by Japanese woodcuts, Symbolist painting, and the Pre-Raphaelites. Paul S\u00e9 rusier (1865-1927), the group's founder, painted the first Nabi work, Landscape at the Bois d'Amour at Pont-Aven (also called Talisman; 1888). Original members included P. Bonnard and E. Vuillard; a later member was A. Maillol.
racism
Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that some races are inherently superior to others. More ...
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