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Binet
French psychologist. His interest in J.-M. Charcot's work on hypnosis prompted him to abandon a law career and study medicine at the Salpê triè re Hospital in Paris (1878-91). He served as director of a research laboratory at the Sorbonne 1895-1911. A major figure in the development of experimental psychology in France, he founded L'Anné e Psychologique, the first French journal on psychology, in 1895. He developed experimental techniques to measure reasoning ability; between 1905 and 1911 he and Theodore Simon developed influential scales for the measurement of intelligence of children. His works include Experimental Study of Intelligence (1903) and A Method of Measuring the Development of the Intelligence of Young Children (1915).


ginseng
Either of two herbs of the family Araliaceae or their roots, which have long been used as a drug in China and as the ingredient for a stimulating tea. Panax quinquefolium, the N. Amer. ginseng, is native from Quebec and Manitoba southward to the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico. Asian ginseng (P. schinseng) is native to Manchuria and Korea and is cultivated in Korea and Japan. Ginseng has a sweetly aromatic flavor. Its root has long been regarded by the Chinese as a panacea for illness; its purported effects include improved mental performance, ability to learn, and memory and sensory awareness.


Kinsey
U.S. zoologist and expert on human sexual behavior. After earning a Ph.D. from Harvard Univ. in 1920, he taught zoology at Indiana Univ., where he became the founder-director of the university's Institute for Sex Research in 1942. His inquiries into human sexuality led him to publish Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). These reports, based on 18,500 personal interviews, received extraordinary publicity for their revelations about contemporary sexual mores and behavior, but have been criticized because of irregularities in statistical sampling.


kinship
Socially recognized relationship between people who are or are held to be biologically related or who are given the status of relatives by marriage, adoption, or other ritual. Kinship is the broad term for all the relationships that people are born into or create later in life that are considered binding in the eyes of society. Every person belongs to a family of orientation (e.g., mother, father, brothers, and sisters); most adults also belong to a family of procreation (which includes a spouse or spouses and children). Familial bonds of descent and marriage may be traced through a genealogy, a written or oral statement of the names of individuals and their kin relations to one another. Inheritance and succession (the transmission of power and position in society) usually follow kinship lines. See also exogamy and endogamy, incest.


Minot
U.S. physician. Born in Boston, he received his medical degree from Harvard ...

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