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herbal
Ancient manual of plants used for medicinal purposes. Hundreds or thousands of medicinal plants were known in ancient India, China, and Greece and medieval Europe. In the later 16th cent., European herbals began to include plants from the Western Hemisphere. Their accuracy varies widely, but many of the plants in herbals later became sources for drugs (e.g., digitalis).


Nebraska
State (pop., 1997 est.: 1,657,000), W central U.S. It covers 77,355 sq mi (200,349 sq km); its capital is Lincoln. The Missouri River is on its E boundary. The N. Platte and S. Platte unite in SW central Nebraska to form the Platte River. Various prehistoric peoples inhabited the area as early as 8000 BC. Indian tribes living in the area include Pawnee, Ute, and Omaha in the east and Sioux, Arapahoe, and Comanche in the west. The U.S. bought the territory from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition visited the Nebraska side of the Missouri River. It became part of Nebraska Territory with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. Nebraska was admitted to the Union as the 37th state in 1867. Soon after, population increased, and as Indian resistance on the frontier was broken, settlement extended to Nebraska's panhandle. At the turn of the 20th cent., it experienced a short but influential Populist movement. In 1937 it established a unicameral legislature, the only one in the nation. Most of the state is agricultural; its industries include food processing and machinery. Petroleum is the principal mineral resource. In addition to Lincoln, Omaha is the state's other cultural and industrial center.


Yermak
Cossack leader. In 1579 he was enlisted by the merchant Stroganov family to defend its possessions against attacks by Siberian tribesman. He set out with an expeditionary force of 840 Cossacks and reached the central Tatar khanate of Sibir in 1582. With their firearms, Yermak and his army defeated the numerically superior forces of Khan Kuchum and occupied the capital, Sibir. Though later killed in a revolt of Kuchum's forces, Yermak was considered the conquerer of Siberia and became a hero of Russian folklore.

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