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Ava
Ruined city, Myanmar. The city, located on the Irrawaddy River southwest of Mandalay, was founded in the 14th cent. by the Shans, who made it their capital. It was destroyed in 1527, but again became the capital in 1634 under the Toungoo dynasty. When Alaungpaya founded the Konbaung dynasty in the 18th cent., Ava served as its capital for a time, and even after the dynasty built Amarapura and Mandalay, its seat was often referred to as the "Court of Ava."


Davao
City (pop., 1994 est.: 961,000), SE Mindanao Island, Philippines. Located at the mouth of the Davao River on Davao Gulf, it is an international port and the leading commercial center in the region. It developed as a Japanese colony. Razed during World War II, the rebuilt city is a blend of Spanish, Amer., and Moorish influences. Largely rural outside its urban core, it is one of the world's largest cities in area, covering 854 sq mi (2,212 sq km). It is the site of the Univ. of Mindanao (1946).


Java
Island (pop., 1988 est.: 105,560,000), Indonesia. Lying southeast of Malaysia and Sumatra, it is Indonesia's fourth largest island and contains more than half of the republic's population. Its area, incl. offshore Madura Island, is 51,038 sq mi (132,187 sq km). The capital of Java and of the republic is Jakarta. The island's highest point is Mt. Semeru, an active volcano measuring 12,060 ft (3,676 m) high. It is inhabited by three major ethnic groups: the Javanese (who constitute 70% of the population), the Sundanese, and the Madurese. The fossilized remains of Homo erectus, or "Java man," indicate that the island was occupied 800,000 years ago. Indian traders began arriving in the 1st cent. AD, bringing Hindu influences. The Majapahit dynasty was founded in E Java in 1293; it fell early in the 16th cent. when Muslim kingdoms arose. In 1619 the Dutch E. India Co. took control of Batavia (Jakarta), and extended its influence. Ruled by the Dutch until the 1940s when it was occupied by Japan, it became part of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia in 1950.

Modular object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 specifically for the Internet. Java is based on the idea that the same software should run on many different kinds of computers, consumer gadgets, and other devices; its code is translated according to the needs of the machine on which it is running. The most visible examples of Java software are the interactive programs called "applets" that animate sites on the World Wide Web, where Java is a standard creative tool. Java provides an interface to HTML.

Island (pop., 1988 est.: 105,560,000), Indonesia. Lying southeast of Malaysia and Sumatra, it is Indonesia's fourth largest island and contains more than half of the republic's population. Its area, incl. offshore Madura Island, is 51,038 sq mi (132,187 sq km). The capital of Java and of the republic is Jakarta. The island's highest point is Mt. ...

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