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Acre
Seaport city (pop., 1993 est.: 44,000), NW Israel on the Mediterranean coast. First mentioned in an Egyptian text from the 19th cent. BC, it was ruled by Egyptians, Romans, Persians, and Arabs; under Phoenician rule it was called Ptolemais. It was a Syrian town under the Seljuq Turks when the crusaders captured it in 1104; the Crusaders renamed the city St. Jean d'Acre and made it their last capital (see Crusades). Except for brief intervals, it was under the rule of Ottoman Turks from 1516 until British forces took it in 1918. It was part of Palestine under the British mandate and became part of Israel in 1948. Notable structures include the Great Mosque and the Crypt of St. John.


cabaret
Restaurant that serves liquor and offers light musical entertainment. The cabaret originated in France in the 1880s as a small club that presented amateur acts and satiric skits lampooning bourgeois conventions. The first German Kabarett was opened in Berlin c.1900 by Baron Ernst von Wolzogen and accompanied its musical acts with biting political satire. It became the center for underground political and literary expression and a showcase for the works of such social critics as B. Brecht and K. Weill, a decadent but fertile artistic milieu later portrayed in the musical Cabaret (1966). The English cabaret derived from concerts given in city taverns in the 18th-19th cent. and evolved into the music hall. In the U.S., the cabaret developed into the nightclub, where comedians, singers, or musicians performed. Small jazz and folk clubs and, later, comedy clubs evolved from the original cabaret.


Harare
City (pop., 1992: 1,184,000), capital of Zimbabwe. Located in NE Zimbabwe, it was founded as Salisbury by the British in 1890. It was the capital, successively, of the colony of Southern Rhodesia, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-63), and Rhodesia (1965-79). Under the new government of independent Zimbabwe (1980), it was renamed Harare. It is a cultural and educational center and the site of the Univ. of Zimbabwe (1957). The center of Zimbabwe's industry and commerce, it is the distribution point for the area's agricultural produce. There are important gold mines nearby.


Nazareth
Town (pop., 1992 est.: 50,000), N Israel, southeast of Haifa. It is Israel's largest Arab city. In the New Testament, it is the childhood home of Jesus. It contains many Christian churches and is a pilgrimage center. It was captured several times during the Crusades. In 1517 it was taken by the Turks. It was part of British-mandate Palestine from 1918 and part of Israel from 1948. Christian Arabs form the majority of the population.


Vasarely
Hungarian-French painter. Trained in Budapest in the Bauhaus tradition, he moved to Paris in 1930 and supported himself as a commercial artist. In the 1930s he was influenced by Constructivism, but by the 1940s he was painting animated ...

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