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Possible definitions for xrays


brass
Alloy of copper and zinc, important for its hardness and workability. Brass was first used c.1200 BC in the Near East, then extensively in China after 220 BC, and soon thereafter by the Romans. In ancient documents, incl. the Bible, the term brass is often used to denote bronze (copper/tin alloy). The malleability of brass depends on its zinc content; brasses with more than 45% zinc are not workable. Alpha brasses contain less than 40% zinc; beta brasses (40-45% zinc) are less ductile than alpha brasses but stronger. A third group includes brasses with additional elements. Among these are lead brasses, which are more easily machined; naval and admiralty brasses, in which a small amount of tin improves resistance to corrosion by seawater; and aluminum brasses, which provide strength and corrosion resistance where the naval brasses may fail.


Brassai
Hungarian-French photographer, poet, and sculptor. His pseudonym derives from his native city. In 1924 he settled in Paris, where he became acquainted with P. Picasso, J. Miró , and S. Dalí . He earned his living as a journalist and found it necessary to use a camera for his assignments. In the 1930s he became known for his dramatic photographs of Paris nightlife. Books of his photographs, incl. Paris After Dark (1933) and Pleasures of Paris (1935), brought him international fame.


craps
(from Louisiana French crabs, "losing throw") Gambling game in which each player in turn throws two dice in attempting to roll a winning combination. The player with the dice (the shooter) must first put up a stake; the other players bet against the shooter up to the amount of the stake. In some games, bettors may also bet against each other or against the house. If the shooter wins, he or she may continue to roll. A 7 or 11 on the first roll wins; a 2, 3, or 12 (craps) loses. Any other number requires the shooter to continue rolling until he or she rolls the same number again for a win or rolls a 7 (craps) and loses.


Gramsci
Italian intellectual and politician. After entering the Univ. of Turin, he joined the Italian Socialist Party in 1914. In 1921 he left the Socialists to found the Italian Communist Party, and spent two years in the Soviet Union. In 1924 he became head of the party and was elected to the national legislature. The party was outlawed by the fascist government in 1926, and Gramsci was arrested and imprisoned for 11 years; in poor health, he was released to die at 46. His influential Letters from Prison (1947) and other writings outline a version of communism less dogmatic than Soviet communism. His work has influenced sociology, political theory, and international relations.


Grass
German novelist, poet, and playwright. Born in Danzig (now Gdá nsk, Poland), Grass passed through the Hitler Youth movement, was drafted at 16 and wounded in battle, and became a prisoner of war. His extraordinary first ...

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