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Ahab
Seventh king of the N kingdom of Israel (r.c.874-853 BC). He inherited a realm that included territory east of the Jordan River, in Gilead and probably Bashan, and also the tributary kingdom of Moab. His marriage to Jezebel revived an alliance with the Phoenicians, but her efforts to establish Baal worship provoked bitter opposition from Elijah. Ahab's reign was dominated by a fierce border war with Syria; he died in an attempt to recover Ramoth-Gilead from the Syrians.
Ahsai
Founder of the heterodox Shiite Muslim Shaykhi sect of Iran. Born in Arabia, he traveled widely in Persia and the Middle East. In 1808 he settled in Yazd, Persia, where he attracted followers with his interpretation of Shia. He claimed knowledge from visions of Muhammad and the imams, and contended that the imams were originally beings of divine light who participated in the creation of the world. Orthodox Shiite theologians excommunicated him in 1824; he died two years later on pilgrimage to Mecca, but the Shaykhi sect survived him.
AM
Variation of the amplitude of a carrier wave (commonly a radio wave) in correspondence to fluctuations in the audio or video signal being transmitted. AM is the oldest method of broadcasting radio programs. Commercial AM stations operate in the frequency range of 535 kilohertz (kHz) to 1605 kHz. Because radio waves of these frequencies are reflected back to the earth's surface by the ionosphere, they can be detected by receivers hundreds of miles away. In addition to commercial radio broadcasting, AM is also employed in short-wave radio broadcasts, and in transmitting the video portion of television programs. See also FM.
Amman
City (pop., 1994 est.: 963,000), capital of Jordan. It lies 25 mi (40 km) northeast of the Dead Sea. Amman is by far the largest city of Jordan. Fortified settlements have existed in the area from remote antiquity; the earliest date from the Chalcolithic period (c.4000-3000 BC). As Rabbah, it became the capital of the Ammonites. It was conquered by Egypt's Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who renamed it Philadelphia, a name retained through Roman times. Taken by the Arabs in AD 635, it later went into decline and subsequently disappeared. In 1878 the Ottoman Turks resettled it. When the British set up Transjordan in 1921, Amman became its capital. Its modern development was furthered by Jordanian independence in 1946. Amman has since often had to deal with refugee problems exacerbated by the continuing unrest between Israelis and Palestinians.
arm
Upper limb of a biped, particularly a primate. Primate arms have one long bone, the humerus, in the upper arm above the elbow, and two thinner bones, the radius and ulna, in the forearm. The triceps muscle straightens the forearm at the elbow joint; the brachialis and biceps muscles bend it. Forearm and small muscles in the hand move the hand and fingers. The term may also denote the ...
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