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Babism
Religion that developed in Iran around Mirza Ali Muhammad's claim (1844) to be the Bab. Its beliefs are set forth in the Bayan, a holy book written by the Bab, which proclaims a universal law in place of all existing religious legal codes. Babism originated as a messianic movement in Shiite Islam. In 1867 the movement split, with the Azalis remaining faithful to the original teachings of the Bab and those of his successor Sobh-e Azal. Most Babis accepted the leadership of Sobh-e Azal's half-brother Baha Ullah, and under him the Baha'i faith was developed.


Gabin
French film actor. The son of a music-hall comedian, he began as a performer at the Folies Bergè re (1923). After his film debut in 1931, he earned critical and popular acclaim in Maria Chapdelaine (1934), Pé pé le moko (1937), Grand Illusion (1937), The Human Beast (1938), and Daybreak (1939), often portraying the silent, tough antihero surviving in a world of social outcasts. He appeared in several films as Inspector Maigret and also in Speaking of Murder (1959), Money, Money, Money (1962), and The Upper Hand (1967).


habit
In psychology, any regularly repeated behavior that requires little or no thought and is learned rather than innate. Some habits (e.g., tying a shoelace) may conserve higher mental processes for more demanding tasks, but others promote behavioral inflexibility or are unhealthy. Five methods are commonly used to break unwanted habits: replacing the old response with a new one, repeating the behavior until it becomes unpleasant, separating the individual from the stimulus that prompts the response, habituation, and punishment.


Kabir
Indian mystic and poet. A weaver who lived in Benares, he preached the essential oneness of all religions and was critical of both Hinduism and Islam for meaningless rites and mindless repetition. From Hinduism he accepted the ideas of reincarnation and the law of karma, but rejected idolatry, asceticism, and the caste system. From Islam he accepted the idea of one God and the equality of all men. Revered by both Hindus and Muslims, he is also considered a forerunner of Sikhism, and some of his poetry was incorporated into the Adi Granth. His ideas led to the founding of several sects, incl. the Kabir Panth, which regards Kabir as its principal guru or as a divinity.


Nabis
(from Hebrew, navi, "prophet, seer") Group of French artists who paved the way for the development of abstract art in the early 20th cent. The Nabis preached that a work of art is the visual expression of an artist's synthesis of nature and his or her personal aesthetic. They were influenced by P. Gauguin and the Pont-Aven school, as well as by Japanese woodcuts, Symbolist painting, and the Pre-Raphaelites. Paul Sé rusier (1865-1927), the group's founder, painted the first Nabi work, Landscape at the Bois d'Amour at Pont-Aven (also called Talisman; 1888). Original ...

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