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Victoria
City (metro. area pop., 1996 est.: 304,000), capital of British Columbia. It is located on the SE tip of Vancouver Island, overlooking Juan de Fuca Strait. It was founded in 1843 by the Hudson's Bay Co. as a fur-trading post known as Ft. Camosun; it was later renamed Ft. Victoria to honor the English queen. It was selected as the capital in 1866 when Vancouver Island united with British Columbia. It is now one of the province's largest business centers and, a tourist resort and retirement community. A major port, it is the Pacific headquarters of the Canadian navy.

Town (pop., 1993 est.: 25,000), capital of the Republic of Seychelles. Located on the NE coast of Mahé Island, in the Indian Ocean, it is the only port of the archipelago and the only town of any size in Seychelles. It is the country's business and cultural center.

Seaport city, capital of Hong Kong, China. It lies on the N shore of Hong Kong island (pop., 1996: 1,313,000). It has extensive wharves and is connected to the Chinese mainland by ferry, and by automobile and railway tunnels. It is the chief administrative, commercial, and cultural center of Hong Kong and is the headquarters for numerous international banks and corporations.

State (pop., 1996: 4,374,000), SE Australia. It covers an area of 87,900 sq mi (227,600 sq km); its capital is Melbourne. The state's W and NW parts are sandy desert and lowland, while the central and E parts are highlands forming the S end of the Australian Alps. The SW coastal region is known as Gippsland. The Murray River forms almost the entire boundary between the state and New S. Wales. Australian Aborigines had lived in the region for at least 40,000 years before contact with Europeans. Some 60 years after Capt. J. Cook first sighted its coastline (1770), the area was settled by immigrants from Tasmania, who brought in their wake diseases which decimated much of the aboriginal population. Victoria became a separate colony in 1851. In 1901 it became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia. Boosting its economy is a very productive agricultural inland.

Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and Empress of India (from 1876). The only child of Edward, duke of Kent, she succeeded her uncle, William IV, in 1837. She was first guided as queen by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne and then by her husband, Prince Albert, whom she married in 1840. Devoted to him, she accepted his decisions on all issues in the period sometimes called the "Albertine monarchy." They had nine children, through whose marriages descended many of the royal families of Europe. From 1861 Victoria deeply mourned Albert's death and thereafter made royal decisions as she believed he would have advised. She was frequently at odds with Prime Minister W. Gladstone and welcomed his replacement by B. Disraeli in 1874. Her reign, called the Victorian age, was marked by a period of British expansion and a restoration of ...

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