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Possible definitions for tophi

Sophia
Regent of Russia (1682-89). Daughter of Czar Alexis, she objected to the succession of her half brother Peter I the Great as czar (1682) and instigated an uprising by the streltsy (household troops). She arranged to have her brother Ivan V proclaimed coruler with Peter and assumed the role of regent. With help from her chief adviser and lover, V. Golitsyn, she promoted the development of industry and concluded peace treaties with Poland (1686) and China (1689). After sponsoring two disastrous military campaigns against the Crimean Tatars (1687, 1689), she tried to regain her influence by inciting the streltsy to oust Peter and his advisers. She was instead overthrown by Peter in 1689 and forced to enter a convent.


bodhi
(Sanskrit and Pali: "awakening" or "enlightenment") In Buddhism, the final enlightenment that ends the cycle of death and rebirth and leads to nirvana. This awakening transformed Siddhartha Gautama into the historical Buddha. Bodhi is achieved by ridding oneself of false beliefs and the hindrance of passions through the discipline of the Eightfold Path. Though not supported in canonical texts, commentaries give a threefold classification of bodhi: that of a perfectly enlightened one, or a Buddha; that of an independently enlightened one; and that of an arhat.


Cochise
Chiricahua Apache chief who led the resistance to white incursions into the U.S. Southwest. Nothing is known of his birth or early life. His people remained at peace with white settlers through the 1850s, but in 1861 skirmishes and eventually all-out warfare broke out between the Apache and the U.S. Army. Cochise and his followers eluded capture for 10 years. By 1872, however, most Apaches, incl. Cochise, had agreed to move onto reservations.


gopher
Any of about 40 species (family Geomyidae) of stocky rodents found in N. and Central America. Gophers range in length from 5 to 18 in. (13-45 cm), incl. a short, sparsely haired tail. They have chisel-like front teeth and long, strong claws on their forefeet; large fur-lined pouches open externally on each side of the mouth. Coat color varies from almost white to brown or black. Gophers live alone in extensive, shallow underground burrows marked by a series of rounded earth mounds on the surface. They feed on the underground parts of plants, which they obtain as they tunnel along.


Hopi
Westernmost group of Pueblo Indians, living on reservation lands in NE Arizona surrounded by the Navajo Reservation. They speak a language of the Uto-Aztecan stock. Most of their traditional settlements were on high mesas and consisted of terraced pueblo structures of stone and adobe. Their precise origin is unknown, though they are usually considered descendants of the Anasazi peoples. Matrilineal descent was the rule. They supported themselves by growing corn, beans, squash, and melons and by sheepherding. Hopi life was steeped in ...

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