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Tigray
Historic region of N Ethiopia. Its dramatic landscape includes plateau regions over 10,000 ft (3,000 m) high and plains below sea level. Though vegetation is sparse, the population engages in agriculture and stock raising. Tigray contains the core of the ancient Aksum kingdom, as well as Ethiopia's oldest town, the 3,000-year-old Yeha. It formerly controlled trade routes from the Red Sea to the empire in the south. Its status declined when it lost control of the coast in the 16th cent.; it was subsequently dominated by the south, and was later threatened by the Egyptian, Sudanese, British, and Italian armies. A rebellion begun in 1975 against the Ethiopian government aggravated the effects of a disastrous drought and famine in 1984-85. The rebels' victory in 1991 resulted in the installing of the chairman of the Tigray People's Liberation Front as prime minister. In 1999 Ethiopia's border war with Eritrea led to the displacement of over 300,000 people in Tigray, and famine loomed again.
Terai
Region of N India and S Nepal. It runs parallel to the lower Himalayan ranges and stretches from the Yamuna River to the Brahmaputra River. Numerous springs at its N edge form several streams, incl. the Ghaghara River, that intersect the region and give it its marshy character. Much of the area's marshland, once malarial, has been drained and put under cultivation.
Touraine
Historical region, NW central France. It encompassed the former province of Touraine; its capital was at Tours. In Roman times it was inhabited by the Gallic Turones. In the 5th cent. AD it was incorporated in the Visigothic kingdom, and it passed to the Franks in 507. Contested by various powers over the succeeding centuries, it came under French influence in the early 13th cent. It began to decline c.1700, and the province was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution. The region, which includes the Loire River valley, known for its magnificent chateaus, is sometimes called the Garden of France.
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