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Tallinn
Seaport city (pop., 1996 est.: 435,000), capital of Estonia. It is located on the Gulf of Finland. A fortified settlement existed there from the late 1st millennium BC, and there was a town there in the 12th cent. In 1219 it was captured by the Danes, who built a new fortress. Trade flourished after it joined the Hanseatic League in 1285. In 1346 it was sold to the Teutonic Order, and in 1561 it passed to Sweden. Russia captured it in 1710, and it remained a Russian city until it became the capital of independent Estonia from 1918 to 1940, when Estonia was annexed to the U.S.S.R. (1940-91). In World War II it was occupied by German forces 1941-44 and was severely damaged. Rebuilt, it became the capital of independent Estonia in 1991. It is a major commercial and fishing port, an industrial center, and the cultural center of Estonia, with numerous educational institutions. Historical structures include a medieval city wall and a 13th-cent. church.
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