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Abernathy
U.S. pastor and civil-rights leader. Born in Linden, Ala., he was ordained a Baptist minister in 1948 and led a church in Montgomery, Ala., where he met M. L. King. In 1955-56 the two men organized a nonviolent boycott of the city bus system, which marked the beginning of the civil-rights movement. In 1957 they founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Abernathy became its president on King's assassination in 1968; in 1977 he resigned to resume work as a pastor in Atlanta.


Capernaum
Ancient city, Palestine. Located on the NW shore of the Sea of Galilee, it was the home of Jesus for much of his ministry. His disciples Peter, Andrew, and Matthew were from Capernaum, and he performed many of his miracles there. The long dispute over nearby modern Kefer Nahum's identification with Capernaum was settled in its favor by excavations begun in 1905. Among the remains discovered was a synagogue dating from the 2nd-3rd cent. AD; an older synagogue may be buried beneath it.


Habermas
German philosopher associated with the Frankfurt school. He has taught primarily at the Univ. of Frankfurt, and also formerly directed the Max Planck Institute in Starnberg (1971-80). In Theory of Communicative Action (1981), he argues that while instrumental reason (which starts from the assumption of a subject confronting an independent object that the subject seeks to understand in order to control) has dominated modern social thought, only communicative reason (which postulates a community of subjects engaged in communication for the purpose of universal emancipation) holds out the possibility of forging a truly democratic society.


Tiberias
Town (pop., 1982 est.: 29,000) and resort, Sea of Galilee, NE Israel. At 689 ft (210 m) below sea level, it is one of the lowest-lying cities in the world. Founded c.AD 20 by Herod Antipas, it was named for Tiberius. After the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70 it became a center of Jewish learning and later the seat of Sanhedrin and rabbinical schools. The Talmud was edited there in the 3rd-6th cent. Saladin took the town from the Crusaders in 1187. The modern town was refounded under the British mandate in 1922, and it became part of independent Israel in 1948. Historic sites include the tomb of M. Maimonides. It is one of the four holy cities of Judaism (see also Hebron, Jerusalem, Zefat).

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