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Sarah
In the Old Testament, the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac. She was childless until age 90. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that she would be "a mother of nations," but Sarah refused to believe, and had already given her maidservant Hagar to Abraham, with whom he fathered Ishmael. Nevertheless, Sarah did conceive in her old age and give birth to Abraham's son Isaac.


Arafat
Palestinian leader. Born in Jerusalem, he graduated from the Univ. of Cairo as a civil engineer and served in the Egyptian army during the 1956 war with Israel. That year, working as an engineer in Kuwait, he cofounded the guerrilla organization Fatah, which became the leading military component of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which he led from 1969. In 1974 the PLO was formally recognized by the U.N., and Arafat became the first leader of a nongovernmental organization to address the U.N. In 1988 he acknowledged Israel's right to exist, and in 1993 he formally recognized Israel during direct talks regarding land controlled by Israel since the Six-Day War. In 1994 he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Y. Rabin and S. Peres. In 1996 he became president of the new Palestinian Authority.


Aram
Ancient country, SW Asia. It extended from the Lebanon Mtns. to beyond the Euphrates River. It was named after the Aramaeans, who emerged from the Syrian desert to invade Syria and Upper Mesopotamia (c.14th cent. BC) and who built numerous city-kingdoms, incl. Damascus. It lends its name to the Aramaic language.


Bara
U.S. film actress. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, she had a brief stage career before going to Hollywood. Her first major picture, A Fool There Was (1915), was accompanied by a publicity campaign, billing her as the daughter of an Eastern potentate, that made her an instant success. Establishing a sultry, exotic persona, she became the prototype of the screen "vamp." She made more than 40 films within a few years, but her popularity soon declined, and she retired in the 1920s.


Baraka
U.S. playwright and black nationalist. He was born in Newark, N.J., and educated at Howard Univ. His first play, Dutchman (1964), produced off-Broadway, explored the suppressed hostility of U.S. blacks toward the dominant white culture. The Slave and The Toilet, also produced in 1964, aroused controversy. He founded the Black Arts Repertory Theater in Harlem and in 1968 founded the Black Community Development and Defense Organization, a Black Muslim group, to affirm black culture and promote black political power. He has also written volumes of poetry and essays.


caracal
Short-tailed cat (Felis caracal) found in hills, deserts, and plains of Africa, the Middle East, and central and SW Asia. It is sleek and short-haired, with a reddish brown coat and long tufts of black hairs on its pointed ears. Long-legged and short-tailed, it stands 16-18 in. (40-45 cm) and is 26-30 ...

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