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Buchner
German bacteriologist. He served as physician in the Bavarian army in the 1870s and taught at the Univ. of Munich from 1880 until his death. Buchner was one of the first to note that a substance in blood serum could destroy bacteria. He named the substance alexin; now known as complement, it consists of proteins called gamma globulins and is of great importance in immunology.


Lucknow
City (metro. area pop., 1995: 2,029,000) and capital, Uttar Pradesh state, N India, on the Gomati River southeast of Delhi. It was captured by the Mughal ruler Babur in 1528 and under his grandson Akbar became part of Oudh province. In 1775 it became the capital of Oudh. It is now an important rail center with paper factories and other industrial development. Notable sites include the Great Imambara (tomb) of one of the nabobs of Oudh, the Residency where the British were besieged during the Indian Mutiny of 1857, and the Univ. of Lucknow.


Queens
Borough (pop., 1990: 1,950,000) of New York City, coextensive with Queens county, SE New York. The largest of the five boroughs, it lies on W Long Island and extends across the width of the island from the junction of the East River and Long Island Sound to the Atlantic Ocean. The first settlements, made by the Dutch 1636-56, came under English control in 1664. It became a county in 1683 and a borough in 1898. Queens was primarily rural during the 19th cent., but some of its shore communities began attracting summer vacationers. Development was spurred by the construction of the Queensboro Bridge and the Long Island Railroad tunnel. It is mostly residential, though it has extensive manufacturing around Long Island City, and storage and shipping facilities lining the East River. It is the site of New York City's major airports, Kennedy and La Guardia.


Quesnay
French physician and economist. He served as consulting physician to Louis XV at Versailles, where he developed an interest in economics. In his Tableau é conomique (1758), he described the relationship between the different economic classes of society and the flow of payments among them, and he developed the concept of economic equilibrium used by many later economic analysts. An advocate of laissez-faire economic policy, he became the intellectual leader of the physiocrats, the first systematic school of political economy.


quoin
In architecture, both the external corner of a building and, more often, one of the stones used to form that corner. These stones are both structural and decorative in that they often differ in jointing, color, texture, or size from the masonry of the adjoining walls. Usually quoins are toothed (i.e., set in short courses in a regular pattern of alternating lengths). Such construction dates back to ancient Rome.


Quqon
Region, E Uzbekistan. A powerful khanate by the 18th cent., it recognized Chinese sovereignty c.1760. It ...

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