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Haida
Northwest Coast Indian people of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, and S Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. There were two major tribal divisions, or moieties, to one of which a child was assigned at birth based on maternal descent. Each moiety consisted of lineages that owned rights to land, had their own chiefs, waged war, held ceremonies such as potlatches, and functioned as economically independent units. Haida economy was based on fishing and hunting. The Haida continue to be known for their craftsmanship and their art, which includes totem poles. Today they number about 3,500.
qadi
Muslim judge who renders decisions according to the Sharia, the canon law of Islam. The qadi hears only religious cases, such as those involving inheritance, pious bequests, marriage, and divorce, though theoretically his jurisdiction extends to civil and criminal matters. The second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, was the first to appoint a qadi to eliminate the necessity of his personally judging every dispute that arose in the community.
Said
Palestinian-U.S. literary critic. Said's family left Palestine for Egypt in 1948, and he later studied at Princeton and Harvard universities. He has taught at Columbia Univ. since 1963. In Orientalism (1978), perhaps his best-known work, he examines Western stereotypes of the Islamic world and argues that Orientalist scholarship is based on Western imperialism. An outspoken proponent of Palestinian issues, he has written on the Middle East in such works as The Question of Palestine (1979) and The Politics of Dispossession (1994). His more general concern is the complex interaction of literature and politics, which he treats in Beginnings (1975), The World, the Text, and the Critic (1983), and Culture and Imperialism (1993).
Aidan
Apostle of Northumbria and founder of Lindisfarne. He was a monk at Iona in Scotland when King Oswald of Northumbria requested that he be made bishop of the newly converted Northumbrians. He established his church, see, and monastery on the island of Lindisfarne, not far from the royal stronghold of Bamburgh. From there he evangelized N England, founding churches, monasteries, and a school. Bede praised him for his learning, charity, and simplicity of life.
AIDS
Fatal transmissible disorder caused by HIV. AIDS, the last stage of HIV infection, is defined by the appearance of potentially lethal opportunistic infections. The first AIDS cases were identified in 1981, HIV was isolated in 1983, and blood tests were developed by 1985. In 2000, more than 35 million people worldwide were living with HIV, and over 15 million had died of AIDS. In the U.S., some 2 million people had been infected with HIV, 800,000 had been diagnosed with AIDS, and 450,000 had died. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the focus of infection, but the number of cases in S. and S.E. Asia and elsewhere continues to mount at an ...
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