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Catalonia
Autonomous community (pop., 1996 est.: 6,090,000) and historic region, NE Spain. It encompasses the provinces of Gerona, Barcelona, Tarragona, and Lé rida, and covers an area of 12,328 sq mi (31,930 sq km); its capital is Barcelona. The Pyrenees separate Catalonia from France; the Mediterranean Sea lies to the east. Its principal rivers, the Ter, Llobré gat, and Ebro, all run into the Mediterranean. Catalonia was one of Rome's first Spanish possessions. Occupied in the 5th cent. AD by the Goths, it was taken by the Moors in 712 and by Charlemagne in 795. After the unification of Spain (1469), Catalonia lost its centrality in Spanish affairs, and by the 17th cent. its conflict of interest with Castilla y Leó n led to the first of a series of separatist movements. Catalan nationalism became a serious force after 1876. In 1932 a compromise with the central government granted Catalonia autonomy; this was revoked with the 1939 Nationalist victory, and F. Franco's government adopted a repressive policy toward Catalan nationalism. The reestablishment of democratic rule after Franco's death again led to autonomy in 1979. Today Catalonia is the richest and most industrialized part of Spain.


metalogic
Study of the syntax and the semantics of formal languages and formal systems. It is related to, but does not include, the formal treatment of natural languages (e.g., English, Russian, etc.). Metalogic has led to a great deal of work of a mathematical nature in axiomatic set theory, model theory, and recursion theory (in which functions that are computable in a finite number of steps are studied).


Patagonia
Semi-arid scrub plateau, S Argentina. It is the largest desert region in the Americas, with an area of about 260,000 sq mi (673,00 sq km). Its approximate boundaries are the Rí o Colorado in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Rí o Coig in the south, and the Andes in the west. A region of vast and virtually treeless plains, it has a variety of wildlife, incl. llamas, pumas, and eagles. Natural resources include petroleum, iron ore, copper, uranium, and manganese.

Top words beginning with P: planetless, poppled, photoinhibition, pithiest, pithecanthropoid, pondus, plummer, pseudothalidomide, perilabyrinth, periled, physiopathologies, puerperous, prisonlike, postcritical, partitioned, prevenience, prestimulus, pitapat, pellaea, pccf

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