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Oran
City (pop., 1987: 619,000), NW Algeria. Situated on the Mediterranean Sea, it is about midway between Tangier, Morocco, and Algiers. With the adjacent Mers el-Kebir, it is the country's second-largest port. Founded in the 10th cent. by Andalusians as a base for trade with the N African hinterland, it was held by the Spanish until 1708, when it fell to the Turks. It was devastated by a 1790 earthquake. In 1792 the Turks settled a Jewish community there. In 1831 it was occupied by the French and became a modern port and naval base. In World War II it came under Allied forces. Most of its European inhabitants left after Algerian independence in 1962. It is divided into a waterfront and the old and new city sections built on terraces above it.
ore
Aggregate of economically important minerals that is sufficiently rich to separate for a profit. Although more than 3,500 mineral species are known, only about 100 are considered ore minerals. The term originally applied only to metallic minerals (see native element) but now includes such nonmetallic substances as sulfur, calcium fluoride (fluorite), and barium sulfate (barite). Ore is always mixed with unwanted rocks and minerals, known collectively as gangue. The ore and the gangue are mined together and then separated. The desired element is then extracted from the ore. The metal may be still further refined (purified) or alloyed with other metals.
oryx
Any of four species (genus Oryx) of large stocky antelopes living in herds on African and Arabian deserts and plains. Oryxes are 40-47 in. (102-120 cm) high. They have a mane and a tufted tail. The coat is grayish brown, whitish, or white, depending on the species, with dark patches on the face and forehead, a dark streak on either side of the eye, and various dark markings on the body and legs. Both sexes have long, sharp-tipped, straight or curved horns.
Alger
U.S. writer. Born in Chelsea, Mass., the son of a Unitarian minister, he graduated from Harvard with honors, then earned a degree from its divinity school. Forced to leave his pulpit after two years because of allegations of improper activities with youths, he took up writing. Beginning with Ragged Dick (1868), he wrote over 100 books that were almost alike in preaching that through honesty, cheerful perseverance, and hard work, a poor but virtuous lad would have his just reward (though it was almost always precipitated by good luck). His books sold more than 20 million copies, despite consistently weak plots and dialogue, and Alger was one of the most popular and socially influential writers of the late 19th cent.
ALGOL
High-level algebraic computer programming language developed in the late 1950s as an international language for the expression of algorithms (its name is derived from ALGOrithmic Language) between humans as well as between humans and machines. Used especially in mathematical and ...
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