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Natal
Former province, SE Republic of S. Africa. The area was occupied for centuries by Bantu-speaking peoples. It was given the name Natal by V. da Gama when he sighted the harbor of Port Natal (now Durban) on Christmas Day (Portuguese, Natal) in 1497. The first European settlers arrived in 1824. In 1837 Afrikaners arrived in the interior and, after they defeated the Zulus there, established the Republic of Natal. Annexed by the British in 1843, it was extended by numerous acquisitions. During the S. African War, Natal was invaded by Afrikaner forces, which were checked by the British. In 1910 it became a province of the Union of S. Africa and in 1961, of the Republic of S. Africa. The fragmented, nonindependent black state, or homeland, of KwaZulu was later created within Natal, which was the scene of clashes by rival black factions (see African National Congress, Inkatha Freedom Party). After the S. African elections of 1994, the region was united to form the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

Seaport city (pop., 1991: 606,000), NE Brazil. It is situated near the mouth of the Potengi River, on the Atlantic coast. Founded by the Portuguese in 1597 near the site of a fort, it was given town status in 1611. It is the capital and principal commercial center of the state of Rio Grande do Norte; it is also a busy port and naval base. It is the seat of the State Univ. of Rio Grande do Norte. The Marine Research Institute and the Barreira do Inferno rocket base are located in the vicinity.


botfly
Any member of several dipteran families with beelike adults and larvae that are parasitic on mammals. Some species are serious pests of horses, cattle, deer, sheep, rabbits, and squirrels, and one species (the human botfly) attacks humans. Adults of several species lay many eggs (nits) on the host's body, and the emerging larvae penetrate its skin. The larvae reemerge through the skin, then mature into egg-laying adults. In the New World tropics, the botfly's infestation of cattle has led to loss of beef and hides. See also warble fly.


catalpa
Any of 11 species of trees in the genus Catalpa (family Bignoniaceae), native to E Asia, E N. America, and the W. Indies. Catalpas have large, attractive leaves and showy white, yellowish, or purplish flowers. The catalpa fruit is a long cylindrical pod bearing numerous seeds with white tufts of hair at each end. The common catalpa, C. bignonioides, yields a durable timber and is one of the most widely planted ornamental species.


coal
Solid, usually black but sometimes brown, carbon-rich material that occurs in stratified sedimentary deposits. One of the most important fossil fuels, it is found in many parts of the world. Coal is formed by heat and pressure over millions of years on vegetation deposited in ancient shallow swamps (see peat). It varies in density, porosity, hardness, and reflectivity. The major types are lignite, subbituminous, ...

Top words beginning with N: nazi, noodle, nightlon, naphthalene, nutted, nodulose, northerliness, nephelorometer, naturalists, nonstriped, nonsiccative, noway, nilghaus, noraezelaneliae, nonoptional, nonabsolute, nonmartial, narco, neocortical, nonreturnable

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