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Newfoundland
Province (pop., 1996: 564,000), one of the four Atlantic provinces, Canada. Consisting of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland, and bounded by Quebec, it extends into the N. Atlantic Ocean and is the easternmost part of N. America. Its capital is St. John's. It was originally settled by Indians and Eskimos. Viking ruins from c.AD 1000 have been found in the N part of the island. J. Cabot claimed the island for England in 1497; the first colony was established at St. John's in 1583. France and England disputed possession of the area, and though England retained control with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, controversies over fishing rights continued through the 19th cent. A province since 1949, it includes the Grand Banks fishing grounds. Fishing, mainly for cod, was virtually the only industry until the early 20th cent., when W Labrador's vast iron reserves began to be exploited.
Dog breed developed in Newfoundland, possibly from crosses between native dogs and the Great Pyrenees dogs that Basque fishermen introduced into N. America in the 17th cent. Noted for sea rescues, the gentle, patient Newfoundland stands 26-28 in. (66-71 cm) and weighs 110-150 lbs (50-68 kg). Powerful hindquarters, a large lung capacity, large webbed feet, and a heavy, oily coat enable it to swim in cold waters. It has also been used as a watchdog and draft animal. The typical Newfoundland is solid black; the Landseer Newfoundland is usually black and white.
Province (pop., 1996: 564,000), one of the four Atlantic provinces, Canada. Consisting of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland, and bounded by Quebec, it extends into the N. Atlantic Ocean and is the easternmost part of N. America. Its capital is St. John's. It was originally settled by Indians and Eskimos. Viking ruins from c.AD 1000 have been found in the N part of the island. J. Cabot claimed the island for England in 1497; the first colony was established at St. John's in 1583. France and England disputed possession of the area, and though England retained control with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, controversies over fishing rights continued through the 19th cent. A province since 1949, it includes the Grand Banks fishing grounds. Fishing, mainly for cod, was virtually the only industry until the early 20th cent., when W Labrador's vast iron reserves began to be exploited.
Dog breed developed in Newfoundland, possibly from crosses between native dogs and the Great Pyrenees dogs that Basque fishermen introduced into N. America in the 17th cent. Noted for sea rescues, the gentle, patient Newfoundland stands 26-28 in. (66-71 cm) and weighs 110-150 lbs (50-68 kg). Powerful hindquarters, a large lung capacity, large webbed feet, and a heavy, oily coat enable it to swim in cold waters. It has also been used as a watchdog and draft animal. The typical Newfoundland is solid black; the Landseer Newfoundland is usually black and white.
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