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mayor
Political leader of a municipal corporation. Mayors are either appointed or elected for a limited term. In Europe until the mid-19th cent., most mayors were appointed by the central government; in France, they are still agents of the central government. In the U.S., they are either directly elected by the populace or chosen by an elected council. Some fulfill only ceremonial functions, executive power being held by a professional manager hired by the legislature. A mayor's powers may include the power to make appointments, veto legislation, administer budgets, and manage administrative functions. See also city government.


Nayar
Hindu caste of the Indian state of Kerala. Before the British conquest in 1792, the Nayar caste supplied Kerala's royalty and nobility, militia, and land managers. During British rule, it became prominent in politics, medicine, education, and law. Unlike most Hindus, Nayars traditionally were matrilineal, and fathers had no rights or obligations with regard to their children. Plural marriage, in which both men and women could receive multiple "visiting" spouses, was practiced until the 19th cent. Laws passed in the 1930s enforced monogamy and gave children full rights of inheritance from the father.


nylon
Any synthetic plastic material composed of polyamides of high molecular weight and usually, but not always, manufactured as a fiber. Nylons were developed by Du Pont in the 1930s. The successful production of a useful fiber by chemical synthesis from compounds readily available from air, water, and coal or petroleum stimulated expansion of research on polymers, leading to a rapidly growing family of synthetics. Nylon can be made to form fibers, filaments, bristles, or sheets to be manufactured into yarn, textiles, and cordage, and can also be formed into molded products. It has high resistance to wear, heat, and chemicals. Most applications are in the form of filaments in such articles as hosiery, parachutes, and outerwear. See also W. Carothers.


warlord
In China, an independent military commander in the early 20th cent. Warlords, supported by provincial military interests or foreign powers, ruled various parts of China following the death of Yuan Shikai, first president of the Republic of China. In SE China, Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalist party gained the backing of a warlord based in Guangzhou. In N China three leading warlords emerged: Zhang Zuolin, a Japanese-backed bandit in Manchuria; Wu Peifu, a traditionally educated officer in central China; and Feng Yuxiang, who seized Beijing in 1924. The Nationalist party consolidated its control in the south and, under Chiang Kai-shek, swept northward, reuniting the country in 1928. Numerous local warlords continued to exert de facto power over their own domains until the Japanese invasion during what became World War II. See also Northern Expedition.

Top words beginning with N: nonveteran, nonclassable, nucleopetal, nondisjunctive, nematogone, neoblastic, noirs, nonfuel, nonvortically, norlands, nephrogonaduct, navaho, netherlands, nabalite, niggler, narcotical, nondisagreement, neafie, neuhauser, nicotinamidase

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