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mechanics
Science of the action of forces on material bodies. It forms a central part of all physical science and engineering. Beginning with Newton's laws of motion in the 17th cent., the theory has since been modified and expanded by the theories of quantum mechanics and relativity. Newton's theory of mechanics, known as classical mechanics, accurately represented the effects of forces under all conditions known in his time. It can be divided into statics, the study of equilibrium, and dynamics, the study of motion caused by forces. Though classical mechanics fails on the scale of atoms and molecules, it remains the framework for much of modern science and technology.
mechanism
In mechanical construction, the means of transmitting and modifying motion in a machine or an assembly of mechanical parts. The chief characteristic of the mechanism of a machine is that all members have constrained motion; that is, the parts can move only in certain ways in relation to each other. Despite its complexity, the mechanism of a machine can always be analyzed as a group of simple basic mechanisms, each of which contains members that transmit motion from one moving link to another. In general, motion is transmitted in one of three ways: by a wrapping connector such as a chain drive or belt drive, by direct contact as in a cam or gear, or by a pin-connected linkage.
Form of materialism that holds that all natural processes can be explained in terms of laws of matter in motion. Upholders of mechanism were mainly concerned with eliminating from science such unobservables as substantial form and occult qualities that could not be empirically confirmed or mathematically treated. Mechanism advocated the reduction of biological functions to physical and chemical processes, thus paving the way for elimination of mind-body dualism. Mechanism opposes the assumption of teleology as an explanatory principle in natural science. See also atomism.
In mechanical construction, the means of transmitting and modifying motion in a machine or an assembly of mechanical parts. The chief characteristic of the mechanism of a machine is that all members have constrained motion; that is, the parts can move only in certain ways in relation to each other. Despite its complexity, the mechanism of a machine can always be analyzed as a group of simple basic mechanisms, each of which contains members that transmit motion from one moving link to another. In general, motion is transmitted in one of three ways: by a wrapping connector such as a chain drive or belt drive, by direct contact as in a cam or gear, or by a pin-connected linkage.
Form of materialism that holds that all natural processes can be explained in terms of laws of matter in motion. Upholders of mechanism were mainly concerned with eliminating from science such unobservables as substantial form and occult qualities that could not be empirically confirmed or mathematically treated. ...
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