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Jakobson
Russian-U.S. linguist. Born and educated in Moscow, Jakobson moved to Prague in 1920; the European political situation forced him to flee to Scandinavia in 1938, and to the U.S. in 1941. He taught at Harvard Univ. 1949-67. His interests ranged from folk epics and the cultural history of the Slavs to general phonology, the morphology of the Slavic languages, and speech acquisition. His preoccupation with contrast and opposition is reflected in his analysis of the Russian case system (1938), a brilliant analysis of the Russian verbal system (1948), and preeminently in his work on distinctive features in phonology.
Nabis
(from Hebrew, navi, "prophet, seer") Group of French artists who paved the way for the development of abstract art in the early 20th cent. The Nabis preached that a work of art is the visual expression of an artist's synthesis of nature and his or her personal aesthetic. They were influenced by P. Gauguin and the Pont-Aven school, as well as by Japanese woodcuts, Symbolist painting, and the Pre-Raphaelites. Paul S\u00e9 rusier (1865-1927), the group's founder, painted the first Nabi work, Landscape at the Bois d'Amour at Pont-Aven (also called Talisman; 1888). Original members included P. Bonnard and E. Vuillard; a later member was A. Maillol.
Nabokov
Russian-U.S.-Swiss novelist and critic. Born to an aristocratic family, he had an English-speaking governess. He published two collections of verse before leaving Russia in 1919 for Cambridge Univ., but by 1925 had turned to prose as his main genre. During 1919-40 he lived in England, Germany, and France. His life before coming to the U.S. in 1940 is recalled in his superb autobiography, Speak, Memory (1951). Beginning with King, Queen, Knave (1928), his writing began to feature intricate stylistic devices. His novels are principally concerned with the problem of art itself, presented in various disguises, as in Invitation to a Beheading (1938); parody is frequent in The Gift (1937-38) and later works. His novels written in English include the notorious and greatly admired best-seller Lolita (1955), which brought him wealth and international fame; Pale Fire (1962); and Ada (1969). His critical works include a monumental translation of and commentary on A. Pushkin's Eugene Onegin (4 vols., 1964).
Naxos
Largest island (pop., 1981: 14,000) of the Cyclades. Greece. It is about 22 mi (35 km) long and 16 mi (26 km) wide, with an area of 165 sq mi (427 sq km). The capital and chief port, N\u00e1 xos, on the W coast, is on the site of the island's ancient and medieval capitals. In ancient times, it was famous for its wines and the worship of Dionysus. In mythology, it is where Theseus abandoned Ariadne. In the 7th-6th cent. BC, a deep-grained white marble was exported for statuary. It was captured by the Persians in 490 BC and by Athens in 471 BC. A Venetian duchy ruled 1207-1566; it was later ruled by the ...
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