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NAACP
Oldest and largest U.S. civil-rights organization. It was founded in 1909 to secure political, educational, social, and economic equality for blacks; W. E. B. Du Bois and I. Wells were among its 60 founders. Its most successful efforts have been lawsuits, political activity, and public-education programs. In 1939 it organized the independent Legal Defense and Education Fund as its legal arm, which sued for school desegregation in Brown vs. Board of Education (1954). During World War II it pressed for desegregation of the armed forces, which was achieved in 1948. In 1967 its general counsel, T. Marshall, became the U.S. Supreme Court's first black justice.


Ngami
Shallow lake, NW Botswana, north of the Kalahari Desert. It was a large lake, estimated at more than 170 mi (275 km) in circumference, when the explorer D. Livingstone sighted it in 1849. The lake varies in size with the amount of rainfall, and although it is much smaller today than in Livingstone's time, it is rich in birdlife.


AM
Variation of the amplitude of a carrier wave (commonly a radio wave) in correspondence to fluctuations in the audio or video signal being transmitted. AM is the oldest method of broadcasting radio programs. Commercial AM stations operate in the frequency range of 535 kilohertz (kHz) to 1605 kHz. Because radio waves of these frequencies are reflected back to the earth's surface by the ionosphere, they can be detected by receivers hundreds of miles away. In addition to commercial radio broadcasting, AM is also employed in short-wave radio broadcasts, and in transmitting the video portion of television programs. See also FM.


Ananda
First cousin and disciple of the Buddha. A monk who served as the Buddha's personal attendant, he became known as the "beloved disciple." It was Ananda who persuaded the Buddha to allow women to become nuns. By tradition, he was the only intimate disciple of the Buddha who had not attained enlightenment before his master's death; he attained that state just before the first Buddhist Council (c.544 or 480 BC), when he recited from memory the Sutta Pitaka. He is represented as the author of several Buddhist discourses.


Anath
Chief W. Semitic goddess of love and war, sister and helpmate to the Baal, whom she retrieved from the land of the dead. One of the best known of Canaanite deities, she was famous for her youthful vigor and ferocity in battle. In Egypt she was depicted nude holding flowers and standing on a lion. During the Hellenistic Age, Anath and Astarte were merged into Atargatis.


anemia
Condition in which erythrocytes are reduced in number or volume or are deficient in hemoglobin. The patient is usually noticeably pale. Close to 100 varieties exist (incl. aplastic anemia, pernicious anemia, and sickle-cell anemia), distinguished by cause; erythrocyte size, shape, and hemoglobin content; and symptoms. Anemia may ...

Top words beginning with N: northernly, neuropsych, noggins, natricine, nominatim, nordcaper, neurones, nutlike, nudenesses, nagakawa, nonvassal, nectars, noncoagulat, nephrotoxicity, nitroglycerine, newfoundlander, nationalizing, nullifidian, newtonian, nea

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