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Amtrak
Federally supported corporation that operates nearly all intercity passenger trains in the U.S. It was established by Congress in 1970 in the face of private railroads' heavy financial losses. Routes were cut back severely, and service is now maintained only in highly populated areas and between the largest cities. Amtrak pays the railroads to run passenger trains and compensates them for the use of tracks and terminals. Amtrak bears all administrative costs and manages scheduling, route planning, and ticket sales. Despite income from tickets and mail-carrying services, Amtrak has required large federal subsidies to cover its operating losses, though in recent years its revenues have covered an increasing percentage of its costs. See also Conrail, Railway Express Agency, national railways.


Madras
City (metro. area pop., 1995: 5,906,000), capital of Tamil Nadu state, India, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. Founded in 1639 by the British E. India Co. as a fort and trading post, it was known as Ft. St. George and was used as a base for the company's expansion in S India. The city of St. Thomé , established by the Portuguese in the 16th cent., was ceded to the British in 1749 and incorporated into it. The English made Madras their administrative and commercial capital c.1800. It is an industrial center, and the site of numerous educational and cultural institutions. It is traditionally considered the burial place of St. Thomas the apostle.


Mara
Buddhist Lord of the Senses, who repeatedly tempted the Buddha Gautama. When Gautama seated himself under the bodhi tree to await enlightenment, the evil Mara appeared in the guise of a messenger claiming that a rival had usurped the family throne. After sending a storm of rain, rocks, ashes, and darkness to frighten away the gods who had gathered, he challenged Gautama's right to sit beneath the tree and sent forth his three daughters, Trsna, Rati, and Raga (thirst, desire, and delight), to seduce Gautama, but to no avail. After the Buddha had achieved enlightenment, Mara pressed him to abandon any attempt to preach, but the gods successfully persuaded him to preach the law.


matrix
Set of numbers arranged in rows and columns to form a rectangular array. Matrix elements may also be differential operators, vectors, or functions. Matrices have wide applications in engineering, physics, economics, and statistics, as well as in various branches of mathematics. They are usually first encountered in the study of systems of equations represented by matrix equations of the form , which may be solved by finding the inverse of matrix or by using an algebraic method based on its determinant.


Mitra
In Vedic Hinduism, one of the gods in the category of Adityas, or sovereign principles of the universe. He represents friendship, integrity, harmony, and all other qualities necessary to maintain order in human ...

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