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Babylon
Ancient ruined city on the Euphrates River, Iraq. It lay about 55 mi (89 km) south of Baghdad, near the modern city of Al Hillah. Babylon was one of the most famous cities in antiquity. Probably settled in the 3rd millennium BC, it came under the Amoritic kings around 2000 BC. It became the capital of Babylonia and was the chief commercial city of the Tigris-Euphrates valley. Destroyed by Sennacherib in 689 BC, it was later rebuilt. It attained its greatest glory as capital of the Neo-Babylonian empire under Nebuchadnezzar II (605-538). Taken by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, it was where he died. Evidence of its topography comes from excavations, cuneiform texts, and descriptions by Herodotus. Most of the ruins are from the city built by Nebuchadnezzar. The largest city in the world at the time, it contained many temples, incl. the great temple of Marduk with its associated ziggurat, apparently the basis for the story of the Tower of Babel. The Hanging Gardens, a simulated hill of vegetation-clad terracing, was one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Bacolod
City (pop., 1994 est.: 343,000), Philippine Islands. It lies on the Guimaras Strait in the north of the island of Negros, opposite Guimaras Island. It is regarded as the Philippine sugar capital. Its port, to the south, is important for fishing.
Cabola
Legendary pueblos of splendor and riches sought by Spanish conquistadors in N. America during the 16th cent. They were first reported by A. Cabeza de Vaca, who was shipwrecked off Florida in 1528 and who wandered through what later became Texas and N Mexico before his rescue in 1536. Expeditions sent to search for the cities were unsuccessful; one led by F. de Coronado in 1540 located a group of pueblos but failed to find vast treasures.
Gaborone
City (pop., 1995 est.: 182,000), capital of Botswana. It is located in SE Botswana, near the border with S. Africa. The seat of government was transferred there from Mafikeng, S. Africa, in 1965, one year before Botswana became independent of Britain. Gaborone is on the Cape-Zimbabwe railway and is the site of government offices, parliament buildings, health facilities, a thermal power station, and an airport. It is the seat of the Univ. of Botswana (1976) and also has a national museum and art gallery (1968).
Maillol
French sculptor, painter, and printmaker. He was a painter and tapestry designer until he was almost 40, when eyestrain persuaded him to turn to sculpture. He rejected the highly emotional style of A. Rodin and attempted to preserve and purify the classical sculpture of Greece and Rome. Most of his works depict the mature female form, and are characterized by emotional restraint, clear composition, and serene surfaces. After 1910 he was internationally famous and never lacked for commissions. He resumed painting later in life, and produced excellent woodcut illustrations for fine ...
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