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Amon
Egyptian deity revered as king of the gods. Amon may have originated as a local deity at Khmun in Middle Egypt. His cult spread to Thebes, where he became patron of the pharaohs by Mentuhotep I's reign (2008-1957 BC) and was identified with the sun god Re. Represented as a human, a ram, or both, Amon-Re was worshiped with the goddess Mut and the youthful god Khons. Akhenaton directed his reforms against the cult of Amon, but with little success, and Amon's status was restored in the 14th-13th cent. BC. In the New Kingdom, Amon came to be seen as one of a triad with Ptah and Re, and in the 11th-10th cent. BC as a universal god who intervened in affairs of state by speaking through oracles.


Carmona
Portuguese general and politician. A career officer, he rose to the rank of general by 1922. He took part in the army coup of May 1926 and became premier later that year. He ruled as a virtual dictator before calling for a plebiscite; elected president, he served from 1928 to 1951, acting as a symbol of political continuity after he named A. Salazar premier in 1932.


hadron
Any of the subatomic particles that are built from quarks and thus interact via the strong force. The hadrons fall into two groups: mesons and baryons. Except for protons and neutrons, which are bound in nuclei, all hadrons have short lives and are produced in high-energy collision of subatomic particles. All hadrons are subject to gravitation; charged hadrons are subject to electromagnetic forces. Some hadrons break up by way of the weak force (as in radioactive decay); others decay via the strong and electromagnetic forces.


harmony
Combination and relation of simultaneous musical notes, and the science of the structure, relation, and progression of individual harmonies in a piece of music. Harmony has always existed as the "vertical" aspect of older music that is primarily contrapuntal; the rules of counterpoint are intended to control consonance and dissonance, which are fundamental aspects of harmony. However, the sense of harmony as dominating the individual contrapuntal lines followed on the invention of figured bass and the continuo c.1600. The most influential theory of harmony, that of J.-P. Rameau, followed in the 18th cent. and employed the symbols of figured bass. Tonality is principally a harmonic concept, and is based not only on a seven-note scale of a given key but on a set of harmonic relations and progressions based on triads (three-note chords) drawn from the scale.


Maimon
Polish Jewish philosopher. As a young man he pursued Hebrew and rabbinic studies, adopting the name Maimon out of admiration for M. Maimonides. His unorthodox commentaries on Maimonides earned him the enmity of other Jews, and he left Poland at 25 to wander through Europe as a scholar and tutor. A skeptic who emphasized the limits of pure thought, he is best known for his Search for the ...

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