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cadmium
Metallic chemical element, chemical symbol Cd, atomic number 48. It normally occurs along with other metals, especially zinc, in ores. A silvery-white metal, capable of taking a high polish, cadmium does not corrode under alkaline (see alkali) conditions; one of its major uses is in electroplating other metals and alloys to protect them. Because it absorbs neutrons effectively, it is used in control rods in some nuclear reactors. Its compounds, in which it has valence 2, are very toxic. They are used as pigments, as phosphors in televisions or computer monitors, as pesticides, and in photographic applications and analytical chemistry.
Cadmus
In Greek mythology, the son of the king of Phoenicia, brother of Europa, and founder of Thebes. When Zeus carried off Europa, Cadmus was sent to find her. The Delphic oracle ordered him to end his search, follow a cow, and build a town where it lay down. That town became Thebes. He built the citadel of Thebes with the help of fierce armed men who sprang up where he sowed the teeth of a dragon he had slain. He married Harmonia, daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, and their five children included Semele. Cadmus was said to have brought the alphabet to Greece.
Daddi
Italian painter. He became one of the leading painters in Florence after the death of his teacher, Giotto. He directed a busy workshop specializing in small devotional panels and portable altarpieces. His works include a triptych for the Church of Ognissanti (1328) and the polyptych Crucifixion with Eight Saints (1348). His style, a fusion of Giotto's seriousness and the lightness of Sienese art, featuring smiling Madonnas and abundant flowers and draperies, remained the dominant style of Florentine painting through the 14th cent.
Daumier
French painter, sculptor, and caricaturist. He was born into a family of artists. From age 13 he worked for a bailiff in a law court and later as a clerk in a bookstore, where he observed and analyzed the appearance and behavior of people of different social classes. In 1829, after studying lithography, he began contributing cartoons and drawings satirizing 19th-cent. French politics and society to periodicals, and came to enjoy a wide reputation. He produced over 4,000 lithographs and 4,000 illustrative drawings. His paintings, drawing on literary themes and documenting contemporary life and manners, were executed in a vigorous, sketchy style; they were rarely exhibited, and he remained unknown as a painter. In sculpture he specialized in caricature heads and figures; some 15 small clay busts occupy an important place in the history of sculpture.
Gaddi
Italian painter active in Florence. He was the son of a painter and mosaicist and a student of Giotto. His best-known works are frescoes in the church of Santa Croce in Florence. He directed a flourishing workshop for three decades, producing pictures in the style of ...
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