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Kadesh
Ancient city, W Syria. Located just southwest of modern Homs, it was seized by the Egyptian king Thutmose III in the 15th cent. BC. It remained an outpost of Egypt until it came under Hittite rule in the mid-14th cent. BC. The Egyptian king Seti I captured the city, and in 1275 BC it was the scene of a battle between Ramses II and the Hittite Muwatallis. After invasion by the Sea Peoples c.1185 BC, it disappeared from history.
radish
Annual or biennial plant (Raphanus sativus) of the mustard family, probably of Oriental origin, grown for its large, succulent root. Low in calories and high in bulk, radishes have a sharp taste and are usually eaten raw. The shape of the edible portion of the root varies greatly, as does the color (from white through pink to red, purple, and black). Radishes may weigh only a few ounces (U.S. and European varieties) or, in the case of the Japanese daikon, more than 2 lbs (1 kg).
Amish
Member of a conservative Christian group in N. America known as the Old Order Amish Mennonite Church. The Amish originated in 1693-97 as followers of the Mennonite elder Jakob Ammann (1644?-c.1730) in Switzerland, Alsace, and Germany. He taught that lying was grounds for excommunication (which meant being shunned by all other Mennonites), that clothing should be uniform and beards untrimmed, and that the state church should be avoided. Migration to N. America and assimilation eliminated the Amish in Europe. They settled in Pennsylvania in the 18th cent. After 1850 they split into "Old Order" (traditional) and "New Order" (now the Mennonite churches). Old Order Amish now live in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas. Adults are baptized and admitted to formal church membership at age 17 to 20. Services are in Pennsylvania Dutch (a German dialect) and some English. Though similar in theology to Mennonites, Amish wear modest, old-fashioned clothing and reject modern technology, incl. automobiles and telephones.
Hadith
In Islam, the oral traditions attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, his family, and the Companions of the Prophet. Hadith is revered by Muslims as a major source of religious law and moral guidance. It consists of two parts: the oral law itself and the isnad, or chain of authorities who passed it down to posterity. The various collections of Hadith provide the major source for studying the development of Islam in its first few centuries.
Kaddish
Jewish prayer of mourners, recited for a period of 11 months and one day after the death of a parent or close relative. Spoken in the Aramaic language rather than in Hebrew, it is a hymn of praise to God and a prayer for the speedy coming of the messiah. Originally recited in the rabbinical academies, it later became a regular feature of the synagogue service. The association of the arrival of the messiah and the resurrection of the dead led to its becoming the prayer ...
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