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Kadesh
Ancient city, W Syria. Located just southwest of modern Homs, it was seized by the Egyptian king Thutmose III in the 15th cent. BC. It remained an outpost of Egypt until it came under Hittite rule in the mid-14th cent. BC. The Egyptian king Seti I captured the city, and in 1275 BC it was the scene of a battle between Ramses II and the Hittite Muwatallis. After invasion by the Sea Peoples c.1185 BC, it disappeared from history.


radish
Annual or biennial plant (Raphanus sativus) of the mustard family, probably of Oriental origin, grown for its large, succulent root. Low in calories and high in bulk, radishes have a sharp taste and are usually eaten raw. The shape of the edible portion of the root varies greatly, as does the color (from white through pink to red, purple, and black). Radishes may weigh only a few ounces (U.S. and European varieties) or, in the case of the Japanese daikon, more than 2 lbs (1 kg).


sadism
Psychosexual disorder in which sexual urges are gratified by inflicting pain on another person. The term is derived from the name of the Marquis de Sade, who chronicled his own such practices. The level and extent of sadistic violence may vary from mild pain to extreme brutality, sometimes leading to serious injury or death. Sadism is often linked to masochism, and many individuals who have one tendency also have the other. The sadist, however, often seeks a victim who is not a masochist, since some of the sexual excitement derives from the victim's unwillingness.


Babism
Religion that developed in Iran around Mirza Ali Muhammad's claim (1844) to be the Bab. Its beliefs are set forth in the Bayan, a holy book written by the Bab, which proclaims a universal law in place of all existing religious legal codes. Babism originated as a messianic movement in Shiite Islam. In 1867 the movement split, with the Azalis remaining faithful to the original teachings of the Bab and those of his successor Sobh-e Azal. Most Babis accepted the leadership of Sobh-e Azal's half-brother Baha Ullah, and under him the Baha'i faith was developed.


Hades
Greek god of the underworld. He was also known as Pluto; his Roman equivalent was Dis. Hades was the son of the Titans Rhea and Cronus and the brother of Zeus and Poseidon. His queen was Persephone, the daughter of Demeter, whom he kidnapped from earth and carried off to the underworld. Stern and pitiless, unmoved by prayer or sacrifice, he presided over the trial and punishment of the wicked after death. His name was also sometimes used to designate the dwelling place of the dead, and it later became a synonym for Hell.


Hadith
In Islam, the oral traditions attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, his family, and the Companions of the Prophet. Hadith is revered by Muslims as a major source of religious law and moral guidance. It consists of two parts: the oral law itself and the isnad, or chain of ...

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