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Augusta
City (pop., 1996 est.: 21,000), capital of Maine. It was established in 1628 by traders from Plymouth Colony as a post at the head of navigation on the Kennebec River. Ft. Western was built there in 1754 (restored 1919), attracting settlers. Incorporated in 1797, the town was renamed the next year for the daughter of an Amer. Revolutionary general. It became the state capital in 1832. It is one of Maine's leading vacation centers.


fugue
Musical composition characterized by systematic imitation of one or more themes in counterpoint. Fugues vary greatly in their actual form. The principal theme (subject) is imitated--i.e., repeated successively in similar form at different pitch levels by different parts or voices--in the so-called exposition. The countersubject is the continuation of the subject that accompanies the subject theme's subsequent entries in the other voices. Episodes using modified themes often separate the subject's entries. The fugue emerged gradually from the imitative polyphony of the 13th cent. J. S. Bach's keyboard fugues are the most famous of all. The works of Bach and G. F. Handel inspired the later fugues of W. A. Mozart, L. van Beethoven, and others, many of whom commonly included fugues in the final movements of symphonies, string quartets, and sonatas.


gum
In botany, an adhesive substance of vegetable origin, mostly obtained as exudate from the bark of trees or shrubs belonging to the pea family. Gum arabic (from a species of acacia) is used in lithography. Gum tragacanth (from several shrub species in the genus Astragalus) is used as a coating and binding agent in pill manufacture, as an emulsifier in processed foods, and as a thickener in sauces. Some plant gums are used in the manufacture of cosmetics.

Mucous membrane attached to and surrounding the necks of the teeth and the alveolar bone of the jaw. The edges of the gums around the teeth are free and extend into the spaces between the teeth. Fibers of the ligament that holds the teeth in their sockets enter the gum and hold it tightly against the teeth. Pink, speckled, and tough, healthy gums have limited sensitivity to pain, temperature, and pressure. Changes in color, loss of speckling, or abnormal sensitivity are early signs of gingivitis, in which pockets form between the gum and teeth and become infected, with inflammation, bleeding, and, in severe cases, loss of teeth.

Largest department store in Russia. Situated in Moscow's Red Square, it occupies a huge, ornate building (constructed 1889-93) that once housed more than 1,000 shops. The name is an acronym for the Russian meaning "State Department Store." GUM now includes about 150 shops selling food, clothing, home appliances, watches and cameras, and many other goods. It functions more like a Western-style shopping mall than a department store and is a popular tourist attraction.

In botany, an adhesive substance of vegetable origin, mostly ...

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