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Possible definitions for jozy

jizya
Poll tax that early Islamic rulers demanded from their non-Muslim subjects. This tax applied especially to followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism, who were tolerated in the practice of their religion because they were "peoples of the book." Originally intended to be used for charitable purposes, the revenues from the jizya were paid into the private treasuries of rulers, and the Ottoman sultans used the proceeds to pay military expenses. Many converted to Islam in order to escape the tax.


cony
Any of certain unrelated animals, incl. two mammals and two fishes. One mammalian cony is more commonly called a pika. The name cony was once applied to the rabbit and is still sometimes used in the fur business to indicate rabbit fur. The cony of the Old World and the Bible is an unrelated mammal, the hyrax. A variety of whitefish is also called cony, as are certain varieties of sea bass.


enzyme
Substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the reaction rate at which life's chemical reactions proceed without being altered in the process. Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed to start these reactions; without them, most would not take place at a useful rate. Because they are not consumed, only tiny amounts are needed. Enzymes catalyze all aspects of cell metabolism; incl. the digestion of food, in which large nutrient molecules (incl. proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) are broken down into smaller molecules, the conservation and transformation of chemical energy, and the construction of cellular materials and components. Almost all enzymes are proteins; many contain a cofactor, either an organic compound (e.g., a vitamin) or an inorganic ion (e.g., iron, zinc). The enzyme-cofactor combination assumes an active configuration, usually incl. an active site for the substance (substrate) involved in the reaction to fit into. Many enzymes are specific to one substrate. If a competing molecule blocks the active site or changes its shape, the enzyme's activity is inhibited. If the configuration is destroyed (see denaturation), its activity is lost. Enzymes are classified by the type of reaction they catalyze: (1) oxidation-reduction; (2) transfer of a chemical group; (3) hydrolysis; (4) removal or addition of a chemical group; (5) isomerization (see isomer, isomerism); and (6) binding together of substrate units (polymerization). Most enzyme names end in "-ase." Enzymes are chiral catalysts, producing mostly or only one of the possible stereoisomeric products (see optical activity). Fermentation of wine, leavening of bread, curdling of milk into cheese, and brewing of beer all are enzymatic reactions. Uses in medicine include killing disease-causing microorganisms, promoting wound healing, and diagnosing certain diseases.


goby
Any of more than 800 species of carnivorous fishes (suborder Gobioidei, order Perciformes), found worldwide but ...

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