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Johnson
Swedish novelist. He endured a grim boyhood of hard labor. His early novels evince feelings of frustration; Bobinack (1932) is an exposé of the machinations of modern capitalism, and Rain at Daybreak (1933) is an attack on modern office drudgery. Return to Ithaca (1946) and The Days of His Grace (1960) have been widely translated. Johnson's working-class novels brought new themes to Swedish literature and experimented with new forms and techniques. He shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with H. E. Martinson.
U.S. magazine and book publisher. Born in Arkansas City, Ark., he moved to Chicago with his family and decided on journalism as a career. He introduced Negro Digest, a periodical for blacks, in 1942. Three years later he launched Ebony, which he modeled on Life; by the 1990s the magazine had a circulation of about 2 million. Through Johnson Publishing Co., he has also published black-oriented books and other magazines, and he later moved into radio broadcasting, insurance, and cosmetics manufacturing.
Jansen
Dutch leader of the Roman Catholic reform movement known as Jansenism. He studied at the Univ. of Louvain, where he absorbed the teachings of St. Augustine, especially those concerning original sin and the need for grace. He spent 1611-14 in Bayonne, France, where he directed the episcopal college. After studying theology three more years, he returned to Louvain. He became rector of the university in 1635 and a year later was appointed bishop of Ypres. In 1638 he died of the plague. His major work, the Augustinus, was published in 1640; in 1642 Pope Urban VIII forbade the reading of the book.
Jensen
Danish novelist, poet, and essayist. He initially studied medicine, but later turned to writing. He first made an impression as a writer of tales, incl. more than 100 published under the recurring title Myter ("Myths"). His early writings also include a historical trilogy, The Fall of the King (1900-1), about Christian II of Denmark. His best-known work is The Long Journey (1908-22), a series of six novels that chronicles humanity's rise from primitive times to C. Columbus's arrival in the Americas. He received the Nobel Prize in 1944.
Danish silversmith and designer. At 14 he was apprenticed to a goldsmith and in 1904 he opened his own workshop in Copenhagen. Exhibiting his silverware and jewelry at major foreign exhibitions, he quickly built a reputation as an outstanding and original silversmith. He was the first to realize a profit from the manufacture of modern silverware and among the first to fashion steel into handsome, serviceable cutlery. By 1935 his firm had stores all over the world and carried more than 3,000 patterns. After his death the business was continued by his son, Sø ren Georg Jensen (b.1917).
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