Random Image

You are here: Random Image > Words beginning with j > Random Image for johnny

Possible definitions for johnny

John
King of Scotland (1292-96). He was one of 13 claimants to the throne but won by primogeniture. John paid homage to Edward I of England but soon refused his request for military aid in Gascony and instead signed a treaty with the French. When Edward invaded Gascony in 1296, the Scots raided N England. Within months Edward's army had captured strategic castles in Scotland, and John was forced to resign his kingdom to Edward. He was held in the Tower of London until 1299.

King of England (1199-1216). The youngest son of Henry II, he joined his brother Richard (later Richard I) in a rebellion against Henry (1189). John became lord of Ireland, and when Richard was imprisoned in Germany on his way back from the Third Crusade, he tried to seize control of England (1193). On Richard's return John was banished (1194), but the two were later reconciled. Crowned king in 1199, John lost Normandy (1204) and most of his other French lands in a war with Philip II Augustus. After Innocent III excommunicated him for refusing to recognize S. Langton as archbishop of Canterbury, John was obliged to declare England a fief of the Holy See (1213). He launched a military campaign against France in 1214 but made no lasting gains. His heavy taxes and aggressive assertion of feudal privileges led to the outbreak of civil war (1215). The barons forced him to sign the Magna Carta, but the civil war continued until his death.


-->John I

King of Portugal (1385-1433) and founder of the Aviz dynasty. The illegitimate son of Pedro I, he was elected king in 1385 despite the rivalry of Castilian candidates. He fought off a Castilian invasion (1385) and preserved Portugal's independence. He made an alliance with England (1386), but a joint invasion of Leó n was unsuccessful. John signed a 10-year truce with Castile in 1389, but frontier warfare was intermittent until 1411. He and his sons (incl. the youngest, later Henry the Navigator) captured Ceuta in Morocco in 1415, thus beginning the era of Portuguese expansion.


-->John II

King of France (1350-64). At odds with England and Navarre, he tried to make peace with the Navarrese king Charles II, then had him imprisoned in 1356. Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England, led an invasion of S France, defeating and capturing John at the Battle of Poitiers (1356). John was forced to sign the treaties of Bré tigny and Calais (1360), which fixed an extravagant ransom and surrendered most of SW France to the English. See also Hundred Years' War.


Johnson
Swedish novelist. He endured a grim boyhood of hard labor. His early novels evince feelings of frustration; Bobinack (1932) is an exposé of the machinations of modern capitalism, and Rain at Daybreak (1933) is an attack on modern office drudgery. Return to Ithaca (1946) and The Days of His Grace (1960) have been widely translated. Johnson's working-class novels brought new themes to Swedish literature and experimented with new ...

Top words beginning with J: jissom, juxtapapillary, jct, jacobitism, jincamas, juggle, jives, jots, jampan, jees, jamrosade, japanophobia, jawboner, jackies, jetbeads, jauntiness, jebus, jumamoto, jailed, johansen

More words beginning with J.

Browse the alphabet: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z