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Canberra
City (pop., 1995: 332,000), capital of Australia. Located in the Australian Capital Territory, on the Molonglo River, it was chosen in 1908 as the site of the capital. An international competition held in 1912 chose the U.S. architect Walter B. Griffin (1876-1937) to design the city, and construction began in 1913. The transfer of Parliament from Melbourne took place in 1927. The city continues to expand, with residential development taking place in satellite towns. There is light industry and a growing tourist trade, though government functions dominate.


Cancer
(Latin: "Crab") In astronomy, the constellation lying between Leo and Gemini; in astrology, the fourth sign of the zodiac, governing approximately the period June 22-July 22. It is represented as a crab (or crayfish), a reference to the crab in Greek mythology that pinched Heracles while he was fighting the Lernaean hydra. Heracles crushed the crab, but his enemy Hera rewarded it by placing it in the sky as a constellation.


cancer
Uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells. Cancerous cells and tissues have abnormal growth rates, shapes and sizes, and functioning. Cancer may progress from a localized tumor (confined to the site of origin) to direct extension (spread into nearby tissue or lymph nodes) and metastasis (spread to more distant sites via the blood or lymphatic system). This malignant growth pattern distinguishes cancerous tumors from benign ones. Cancer is also classified by grade, the extent to which cell characteristics remain specific to their tissue of origin. Both stage and grade affect the chances of survival. Genetic factors and immune status affect susceptibility. Triggers include hormones, viruses, smoking, diet, and radiation. Cancer can begin in almost any tissue, incl. blood (see leukemia) and lymph (see lymphoma). When it metastasizes, it remains a cancer of its tissue of origin. Early diagnosis and treatment increase the chance of cure. Treatment may include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. See also breast cancer, carcinogen, Kaposi's sarcoma, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer.


jaeger
Any of three species (genus Stercorarius, family Stercorariidae) of seabirds resembling dark gulls with a forward-set black cap and projecting central tail feathers. Jaegers have two color phases: all brown, or (more commonly) brown above and white below. They nest in the Arctic tundra and then go to sea, many as far as Australia and New Zealand. At sea they catch fish on their own, but while nesting along coasts they force terns and kittiwakes to disgorge their food, destroy the eggs and young of other seabirds, and capture land birds and rodents. The species range from 14 to 20 in. (35-50 cm) long. In Britain, jaegers are called skuas.


Jansen
Dutch leader of the Roman Catholic reform movement known as Jansenism. He studied at the Univ. of Louvain, where he ...

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