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Iasi
City (pop., 1994 est.: 340,000), NE Romania. Located west of the border with Moldova and northeast of Bucharest, it is on the Bahlui River. It was settled as early as the 7th cent., and in the 15th cent. it became a customs post on the trade routes along the Prut River valley. From 1565 to 1862 it was the capital of Moldavia. It was burned by Tatars in 1513, by Turks in 1538, and by Russians in 1686. It is the site of a university, the 16th-cent. Church of St. Nicholas, and a national theater.
icon
In Eastern Orthodoxy, the representation of sacred persons or events in murals, mosaics, or paintings on wood. After the Iconoclastic Controversy of the 8th-9th cent., which disputed the religious function and meaning of icons (see iconoclasm), the Eastern churches formulated an official doctrine that approved their use, stating that since God had assumed material form in the person of Jesus, he and other sacred personages could be represented in works of art. Usually depicting Jesus or Mary but also sometimes saints, icons are relied on as objects of veneration and as tools for instruction.
idol
Image or statue of a deity used as an object of worship. In Judaism, the making of any representation of God is strictly forbidden, as is the fashioning of any "graven image." Islam has also adhered to this rule. In Christianity, there has been a general acceptance of pictorial or sculpted images of Jesus and the saints and, on occasion, God, and Christianity has thus always faced the danger that such representations could be venerated superstitiously as idols. In Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism images of gods and saints are common; they are often the object of veneration. In Hinduism, a statue may be treated as a god as an act of devotion but loses its special status when the act of devotion is finished (see Durga-puja, puja).
Io
In Greek mythology, the daughter of the river god Argos, who drew Hera's jealousy when Zeus fell in love with her. Zeus changed her into a white heifer to protect her. Hera set the many-eyed creature Argus to watch over the heifer, but Zeus sent Hermes to lull Argus to sleep and kill him. Hera then sent a gadfly to pursue Io, who fled across Europe and crossed the bodies of water later named the Ionian Sea and the Bosporus ("Ford of the Cow") in her honor. When she arrived in Egypt she resumed her original form. She was later identified with the Egyptian goddess Isis.
Ipoh
City (pop., 1991: 383,000), W Malaysia. Its name comes from a local tree, whose poisonous resin was once used by aborigines for hunting. The modern city dates from the 1890s, when British tin-mining companies were set up. Immigrant Chinese were brought in to work the tin deposits, and their descendants now dominate the city. It is the nation's mining capital.
iron
Metallic chemical element, one of the transition elements, chemical symbol Fe, atomic ...
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