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Bab
Iranian religious leader, founder of the Babi religion and one of the central figures of Baha'i. The son of a merchant, he was influenced by the Shaykhi school of Shiite Islam. In 1844 he wrote a commentary on the sura of Joseph in the Quran and declared himself the Bab (Arabic: "gateway") to the hidden imam. Later he would claim to be the imam himself, and finally a divine manifestation. The same year he assembled 18 disciples, who spread the new faith in the various Persian provinces. He had popular support but was opposed by members of the religious class, and he was arrested near Tehran in 1847 and imprisoned. Meeting at Badasht in 1848, his followers, the Azali, formally broke with Islam. Mirza was executed by a firing squad at Tabriz in 1850.
Gabo
Russian-U.S. sculptor. He studied at the Univ. of Munich, and in 1913 he was introduced to avant-garde art in Paris by his brother, A. Pevsner. In 1920 the brothers returned to Russia and issued the Realist Manifesto, setting forth the principles of European Constructivism. Gabo produced abstract works of such unorthodox materials as glass, plastic, and wire to achieve a sense of movement. After some years in Europe, he settled in the U.S. in 1946 and taught at Harvard's architecture school. He received many awards and public commissions. A pioneer of the Constructivist movement, he was one of the earliest artists to experiment with kinetic sculpture.
Iasi
City (pop., 1994 est.: 340,000), NE Romania. Located west of the border with Moldova and northeast of Bucharest, it is on the Bahlui River. It was settled as early as the 7th cent., and in the 15th cent. it became a customs post on the trade routes along the Prut River valley. From 1565 to 1862 it was the capital of Moldavia. It was burned by Tatars in 1513, by Turks in 1538, and by Russians in 1686. It is the site of a university, the 16th-cent. Church of St. Nicholas, and a national theater.
ICBM
Guided missile with a range of more than 3,300 mi (5,300 km). The MX Peacekeeper has a range of more than 6,000 mi (9,600 km). ICBMs include the silo-launched Minuteman and the submarine-launched Trident. The first ICBMs were developed by the Soviet Union in 1958, but within four years the U.S. had achieved significant superiority.
Igbo
People of SE Nigeria who speak dialects of Igbo, a Benue-Congo language of the Niger-Congo family. Before European colonization the Igbo lived in autonomous local communities, but by the mid-20th cent. a sense of ethnic identity was strongly developed. During conflicts in 1966, many Igbo in N Nigeria were killed or forced into their traditional homelands in the east. In 1967 the E region tried to secede from Nigeria as the independent nation of Biafra; hundreds of thousands of Igbo were killed or died of starvation. Today they number about 18.6 million. Many are farmers, but trading, crafts, and wage labor are also ...
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