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Gabo
Russian-U.S. sculptor. He studied at the Univ. of Munich, and in 1913 he was introduced to avant-garde art in Paris by his brother, A. Pevsner. In 1920 the brothers returned to Russia and issued the Realist Manifesto, setting forth the principles of European Constructivism. Gabo produced abstract works of such unorthodox materials as glass, plastic, and wire to achieve a sense of movement. After some years in Europe, he settled in the U.S. in 1946 and taught at Harvard's architecture school. He received many awards and public commissions. A pioneer of the Constructivist movement, he was one of the earliest artists to experiment with kinetic sculpture.
Gabon
Country, central Africa. Area: 103,347 sq mi (267,667 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 1,190,000. Capital: Libreville. Gabon has more than 40 ethnic groups: the Fang make up a majority and live N of the Ogoou\u00e9 River; the largest groups south of the river are the Punu, Sira, and Nzebi. Languages: French (official); indigenous languages. Religion: Christianity, primarily Roman Catholicism. Currency: CFA franc. Gabon straddles the equator on the W coast of Africa. It has a narrow coastal plain and becomes hilly in the south and north. The basin of its chief river, the Ogoou\u00e9 , covers most of the country; about three-fourths is equatorial rain forest, which supports numerous plant and animal species. Gabon has reserves of manganese that are among the largest in the world; it also has huge deposits of high-grade iron ore. Gabon has a mixed, developing economy based largely on the exploitation of these mineral and timber resources. Its head of state is the president, and the head of government is the prime minister; the parliament consists of two houses. Artifacts dating from late Paleolithic and early Neolithic times have been found in Gabon, but it is not known when the Bantu speakers who established Gabon's ethnic composition arrived. Pygmies were probably the original inhabitants. The Fang arrived in the late 18th cent. and were followed by the Portuguese and by French, Dutch, and English traders. The slave trade dominated commerce in the 18th and much of the 19th cent. The French then took control, and Gabon was administered (1843-86) with French West Africa. In 1886 the colony of French Congo was established to include both Gabon and the Congo; in 1910 Gabon became a separate colony within French Equatorial Africa. An overseas territory of France from 1946, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community in 1958 and declared its independence in 1960. Rule by a sole political party was established in the 1960s, but discontent with it led to riots in Libreville in 1989. Legalization of opposition parties led to new elections in 1990. Peace negotiations with neighboring Chad rebels and with the Republic of the Congo were ongoing in the 1990s.
Gamow
Russian-U.S. nuclear physicist and cosmologist. After studying at ...
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