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Melanesia
Collective name for the islands in the SW Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia and south of the equator. A subdivision of Oceania, it includes New Guinea, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck and Louisiade archipelagoes, Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Norfolk Island and numerous others. Two distinct populations and cultures exist in the region. The Papuans, who have inhabited the area for 40,000 years, devised one of the earliest agricultural systems and developed the Papuan languages. Seafaring peoples with an Austronesian language and a Southeast Asian cultural tradition settled in the area about 3,500 years ago.


Veronese
Italian painter. Son of a stonecutter from Verona (the source of his nickname), he was apprenticed at 13 to a painter. After 1553, when he received the first of many commissions in Venice, he became a major painter of the 16th-cent. Venetian school, known for his splendid use of color and pageantlike compositions. His first works in Venice, ceiling paintings for the Doges' Palace, employ skillful foreshortenings that make figures appear to be floating in space. He decorated the villas and palaces of the Venetian nobility and received many commissions for frescoes, altarpieces, and devotional paintings, incl. numerous "suppers" (e.g., The Pilgrims of Emmaus and Feast in the House of the Pharisees) that allowed him to compose large groups of figures in architectural settings. In decorating a villa built by Palladio at Maser (c.1561), he brilliantly interpreted its architectural structure, breaking through the walls with illusionistic landscapes and opening the ceilings to blue skies with figures from classical mythology. Whimsical details in his Last Supper (commissioned 1573) caused him to be summoned before the Inquisition. Painters from the 16th cent. on were inspired by his use of color to express exuberance as well as to model form.

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