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Faxian
Chinese Buddhist monk who initiated relations with India. Eager to learn of his religion at its source, he traveled to India in 402 and spent a decade visiting the major Buddhist shrines and seats of learning, especially sites in E India, incl. Kapilavastu, Bodh Gaya, and Pataliputra. He deepened his knowledge by conversing with monks and gathered sacred texts that had not yet been translated into Chinese. He returned to China by sea in 412, after spending two years in Ceylon. His Record of Buddhist Kingdoms contains valuable information about Indian Buddhism in this era.
Dalian
City (pop., 1990: 1,723,000) and deepwater port on the Liaodong Peninsula, Liaodong province, China. Leased to Russia in 1898, it was made a free port and terminus of the Trans-Siberian railroad (1899). The Japanese occupied it during the Russo-Japanese War (1904), and the lease was transferred to Japan by treaty in 1905; Dalian again became a free port in 1906. Soviet troops captured the city in 1945, but by a Chinese-Soviet treaty it remained under Chinese sovereignty with preferential rights to the port for the U.S.S.R.; Soviet troops withdrew in 1955. Industries include fishing, shipbuilding, oil refining, and the manufacture of locomotives, machine tools, textiles, and chemicals.
fabliau
Short metrical tale made popular in medieval France by jongleurs. Fabliaux were characterized by vivid detail and realistic observation and were usually comic, coarse, and cynical, especially in their treatment of women. Though understandable to the bourgeois and common people, they frequently contain an element of burlesque that depends for its appreciation on considerable knowledge of courtly society, love, and manners. About 150 fabliaux survive, by both amateur and professional writers.
Fanfani
Italian premier who formed and led the center-left coalition that dominated Italian politics in the late 1950s and 1960s. Elected to Italy's constituent assembly (1946), he became secretary-general of the Christian Democratic Party (1954) after serving briefly as premier. With his party's victory in 1958, he became premier (1958-59) and stressed social reforms. He returned as premier (1960-63) after widespread public reaction against neofascist activity and again promoted a reformist program. He gained Italy's election to the U.N. Security Council (1958) and served as president of the U.N. General Assembly in 1965. He again served as premier in 1982-83 and 1987.
Fujian
Province (pop., 1996 est.: 32,370,000), SE China. Located on the SE coast, it is bounded by Zhejiang, the E. China Sea, Taiwan Strait, Guangdong, and Jiangxi; its capital is Fuzhou. The province's boundaries were established during the Song dynasty (1127-1279), when it became an important shipbuilding and commercial center for overseas and coastal trade. It declined when the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) banned maritime commerce. ...
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