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Corinth
Ancient city of the Peloponnese, Greece. Located on the Gulf of Corinth, the site was occupied from before 3000 BC, but it was in the 8th cent. BC that it developed as a commercial center. In the late 6th cent. BC, it was outstripped by Athens. Occupied in 338 BC by Philip of Macedon, it was destroyed in 146 BC by Rome. In 44 BC J. Caesar reestablished Corinth as a Roman colony; the New Testament includes the letters addressed to its Christian community by St. Paul. It declined in the later Middle Ages; its ruins are near the modern city of Corinth (pop., 1991: 29,000).
German painter and graphic artist. He trained in Paris with W. A. Bouguereau. In 1902 he settled in Berlin and, with M. Liebermann, became a leading exponent of Impressionism in Germany. After recovering from a stroke in 1911, his style became much looser and more powerfully Expressionist. He was best known for his landscapes and portraits, incl. numerous powerfully expressive self-portraits, and produced many etchings and lithographs (e.g., Apocalypse, 1921).
Eakins
U.S. painter. After early training at the É cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1866-70), he spent most of his life in his native Philadelphia. He reinforced his study of the live model at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts by studying anatomy at a medical college. The Gross Clinic (1875), depicting a surgical operation, was too realistic for his contemporaries but is now seen as his masterpiece. In 1876 he began teaching at the Pennsylvania Academy, but was forced to resign in 1886 for working with nude models in mixed classes. In addition to numerous portraits, he painted boating and other outdoor scenes that reflect his fascination with the human body in motion. His interest in locomotion led him to the sequential photography of E. Muybridge, and he began producing photographs and sculpture as well as paintings. He was the outstanding U.S. painter of the 19th cent.
Edirne
Pact concluding the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29. Signed at Edirne (ancient Adrianople), Turkey, the treaty opened the Turkish straits to Russian shipping and granted Russia some territorial concessions. It strengthened Russia's position in Eastern Europe and weakened that of the Ottoman empire, and it foreshadowed the Ottoman empire's dependence on the European balance of power and the dismemberment of its Balkan possessions.
Ekron
Ancient Canaanite and Philistine city. It was one of the five cities of the Philistine pentapolis, in what is now central Israel. Though allocated to Judah after the Israelite conquest, it was a Philistine stronghold in David's time; it was later associated with the worship of the deity Baalzebub. Taken by Egyptians (c.918 BC), it was tributary to Assyria in the 7th cent. BC. The city was known as Akkaron from Hellenistic times; by the Middle Ages it had been abandoned.
Elgin
British governor-general of Canada. He was ...
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