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Bahamas
Archipelago and nation consisting of about 700 islands and numerous cays, NW edge of the W. Indies, lying southeast of Florida and north of Cuba. Area: 5,386 sq mi (13,950 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 287,000. Capital: Nassau (on New Providence Island). The people are a blend of African and European ancestry, the former a legacy of the slave trade. Language: English (official). Religion: Christianity. Currency: Bahamian dollar. Chief among the islands, from north to south, are Grand Bahama, Abaco, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, Cat, and Inagua; New Providence has most of the population. All are composed of coraline limestone and lie mostly only a few feet above sea level; the highest point is Mt. Alvernia (206 ft, or 63 m) on Cat Island. There are no rivers. Its market economy is heavily dependent on tourism, for which gambling is a particular attraction, and on international financial services. Most foodstuffs are imported from the U.S.; fish and rum are significant exports. It is a constitutional monarchy with two legislative houses; its chief of state is the British monarch, represented by a governor-general, and the head of government is the prime minister. The islands were inhabited by Lucayan Indians when C. Columbus sighted them on Oct. 12, 1492. He is thought to have landed on San Salvador (Watling) Island. The Spaniards made no attempt to settle, but carried out slave raids that depopulated the islands; when English settlers arrived in 1648 from Bermuda, the islands were uninhabited. They became a haunt of pirates and buccaneers, and few of the ensuing settlements prospered. The islands enjoyed some prosperity following the Amer. Revolution, when Loyalists fled the U.S. and established cotton plantations there. They were a center for blockade runners during the Amer. Civil War. Not until the development of tourism after World War II did permanent economic prosperity arrive. The Bahamas was granted internal self-government in 1964, and became independent in 1973.


Elam
Ancient country, SW modern-day Iran. It was located at the head of the Persian Gulf east of Babylonia; its capital was Susa (Elam was sometimes known as Susiana). It was closely tied culturally to Mesopotamia, and was in conflict with the Sumerians and Akkadians from c.3000 BC. In the 13th cent. BC, it became a dominant power; its domain included most of Mesopotamia east of the Tigris and reached almost to Persepolis. This domination ended when Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon (r.1124-1103 BC) captured Susa. Later, Elam formed a satrapy of the Persian empire, and Susa became one of its capitals.


Erhard
German economist and politician. As economics minister (1949-63), he was the chief architect of W. Germany's postwar economic recovery. He achieved what has been called an economic miracle through his "social market system," which was based on free-market capitalism but included special provisions for housing, ...

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