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Apache
Amer. Indians of the SW U.S. Culturally, the Apache are divided into Eastern Apache, which include the Mescalero, Jicarilla, Chiricahua, and Lipan, and Western Apache, which include the Cibecue. The Eastern Apaches were predominantly hunting and gathering societies, while their Western counterparts relied more on farming. Their ancestors had come down from the north to settle the Plains, but with the introduction of the horse they were pressed south and west by the Comanche and Ute. They attempted to be friends of the Spanish, the Mexicans, and later the Americans. In 1861, however, there began a quarter-century confrontation between U.S. military forces and the Apache and Navajo. The Apache wars were among the fiercest fought on the frontier. The last ended in 1886 with the surrender of Geronimo. The Chiricahua Apache were evacuated from the West and held successively in Florida, Alabama, and Oklahoma. The Apache today total about 11,000 and live largely on or near reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. See also Cochise.


Arachne
In Greek mythology, the daughter of the dyer Idmon of Colophon. She was a weaver who acquired such skill that she ventured to challenge Athena to a contest. Athena wove a tapestry showing the gods in majesty, while Arachne depicted them in their amorous adventures. Enraged at the perfection of her rival's work, Athena tore it to shreds, whereupon Arachne hanged herself. Out of pity Athena loosened the rope, which became a cobweb, and Arachne was changed into a spider.


Karachi
City (pop., 1981: 5,210,000), Pakistan. Located in S Pakistan on the Arabian Sea NW of the mouth of the Indus River, it was a small fishing village when traders arrived in the early 18th cent. It was captured by the British in 1839 and was a major port of the British empire by 1914. The provincial capital of Sind from 1936, it was also the capital of Pakistan 1947-59. It is Pakistan's principal seaport and a major industrial and commercial center. It is the seat of the Univ. of Karachi and the terminus of Pakistan's railway system.


Marche
Autonomous region (pop., 1996 est.: 1,443,000), central Italy. Situated between the Adriatic Sea and the region of Umbria, it is crossed by the Apennines; its only level land is along its river valleys and on the Adriatic shore near Ancona, its capital. Originally inhabited by Gauls and Picenes, it came under Roman rule by AD 292. During the early Middle Ages the S part was ruled by the Lombards and the N part by the Byzantines. Conflicts arose in 12th-13th cent. with powerful feudal families and the attempt of the popes to reestablish their temporal authority; this culminated in 1631, when the duchy of Urbino was incorporated into the Papal States. Marche joined the kingdom of Italy in 1860. An agricultural area, it has some industrial development.

Historical region, central France. Once part of Limousin, it was made a separate ...

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