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Baku
City (pop., 1995 est.: 1,740,000), capital of Azerbaijan. Located on the W shore of the Caspian Sea at the sea's best harbor, Baku has long been inhabited. By the 11th cent. AD, it was in the possession of the Shirvan shahs, who made it their capital in the 12th cent. In 1723 Peter the Great took Baku, but returned it to Persia in 1735; Russia captured the town finally in 1806. It was the capital of the Bolshevik government in 1917, and became the capital of the new Soviet republic of Azerbaijan in 1920. The basis of Baku's economy is petroleum.


Ea
In Mesopotamian religion, the god of water. He formed a triad of deities with Anu and Bel. Originally a local deity in the city of Eridu, he evolved into the lord of the fresh waters beneath the earth, the god of ritual purification, and a patron of sorcery and incantations. Akkadian mythology makes him the father of Marduk. His counterpart among the Sumerians was Enki, from whose half-fish, half-goat form the astrological figure of Capricorn is derived.


ear
Organ of hearing and balance. The outer ear directs sound vibrations through the auditory canal to the eardrum, which is stretched across the end of the auditory canal and which transmits sound vibrations to the middle ear. There a chain of three tiny bones conducts the vibrations to the inner ear. Fluid inside the cochlea of the inner ear stimulates sensory hairs; these in turn initiate the nerve impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The inner ear is also an organ of balance: the sensation of dizziness that is felt after spinning is caused when fluid inside the inner ear's semicircular canals continues to move and stimulate sensory hairs after the body has come to rest. The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the nasal passages; that connection allows the common cold to spread from the nasal passages to the middle ear, especially in infants and small children. The most common cause of hearing loss is otosclerosis, a surgically correctable disease in which one of the bones of the middle ear loses its capacity to vibrate. See also deafness, otitis.


Earp
U.S. frontiersman. Born in Monmouth, Ill., he worked in the 1870s as a police officer in Wichita and Dodge City, where he befriended the gunmen Doc Holliday and B. Masterson. He later worked as a guard for Wells Fargo. By 1881 he had moved to Tombstone, Ariz., living as a gambler and a saloon guard. His brother Virgil became town marshal, and his other brothers (James, Morgan, and Warren) bought real estate and businesses. A feud with the Clanton gang ended in a shootout at the O.K. Corral in which three of the Clanton gang were killed. In 1882 Morgan was murdered, and Wyatt, Warren, and some friends killed two suspects in retaliation. Accused of murder, Wyatt fled to Colorado and later settled in California. Stuart Lake's Wyatt Earp, Frontier Marshal (1931), written with Earp's ...

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