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Kabbala
Jewish mysticism as it developed in the 12th cent. and after. Essentially an oral tradition, it laid claim to secret wisdom of the unwritten Torah communicated by God to Adam and Moses. It provided Jews with a direct approach to God, a notion regarded as heretical and pantheistic by Orthodox Judaism. A major text was the 12th-cent. Book of Brightness, which introduced the doctrine of transmigration of souls to Judaism and provided Kabbala with extensive mythical symbolism. In 13th-cent. Spain the tradition included the Book of the Image, which asserted that each cycle of history had its own Torah, and the Book of Splendor, which dealt with the mystery of creation. In the 16th cent. the center of Kabbala was Safed, Galilee, where it was based on the esoteric teachings of the greatest of all Kabbalists, I. ben S. Luria. The doctrines of Lurianic Kabbala, which called for Jews to achieve a cosmic restoration (tiqqun) through an intense mystical life and an unceasing struggle against evil, were influential in the development of modern Hasidism.


cabbage
Leafy garden plant (Brassica oleracea 'capitata') of European origin, with a short stem and a globular head of usually green leaves. A member of the mustard family, it is a major table vegetable in most countries of the temperate zone. The term cabbage also refers more generally to a vegetable and fodder plant of various horticultural forms developed by long cultivation from the wild, or sea, cabbage (Brassica oleracea) found near the seacoast in England and continental Europe. The common forms may be classified by the plant parts used for food: leaves (e.g., kale, collard, common cabbage, Brussels sprout); flowers and flower stalks (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower); and stems (e.g., kohlrabi). Cabbages grow best in mild to cool climates and tolerate frost. Edible portions are low in caloric value and are an excellent source of ascorbic acid, minerals, and bulk. See also Chinese cabbage.


Cabola
Legendary pueblos of splendor and riches sought by Spanish conquistadors in N. America during the 16th cent. They were first reported by A. Cabeza de Vaca, who was shipwrecked off Florida in 1528 and who wandered through what later became Texas and N Mexico before his rescue in 1536. Expeditions sent to search for the cities were unsuccessful; one led by F. de Coronado in 1540 located a group of pueblos but failed to find vast treasures.


Cabral
Guinean nationalist politician. In 1956 he founded the Partido Africano da Independ\u00ea ncia da Guin\u00e9 e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), which in 1962 began a war of liberation against Portuguese forces. By the late 1960s Cabral controlled much of Portuguese Guinea. He was assassinated in 1973. His half-brother, Lu\u00ed s de Almeida Cabral, became the first president of independent Guinea-Bissau in 1974.


Karbala
Battle between forces of the second Umayyad caliph, Yazid I, and ...

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