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anatomy
Biological field that deals with body structures as revealed by dissection. Herophilus first laid the factual groundwork for gross anatomy, the study of structures large enough to see without a microscope. Galen's ideas were the authority for anatomy in Europe until A. Vesalius' methods placed it on a firm foundation of observed fact. The microscope permitted the discovery of tiny structures (e.g., capillaries and cells), the subject of microscopic anatomy. Crucial advances in this area, incl. the microtome, which slices specimens into extremely thin sections, and staining (e.g., gram stain), led to the new fields of cytology and histology. Electron microscopy opened up the study of subcellular structures, and X-ray diffraction gave rise to the new subspecialty of molecular anatomy. Comparative anatomy compares similar structures in different animals to see how they have changed with evolution.
Angkor
Archaeological site, NW Cambodia. Located 4 mi (6 km) north of the modern town of Siem Reap, it was the capital of the Khmer (Cambodian) empire in the 9th-15th cent. Its most imposing monuments are Angkor Wat, a temple complex built in the 12th cent. by King Suryavarman II, and Angkor Thom, a temple complex built c.1200 by King Jayavaraman VII. During the period of great construction that lasted more than 300 years, there were many changes in architecture as the religious focus changed from Hindu to Buddhist cults. After the Siamese conquest of the Khmers in the 15th cent., the ruined city and its temples were buried in the jungle. When the French colonial regime was established in 1863, the entire site became the focus of scholarly interest. During Cambodia's political upheavals of the late 20th cent. there was some war damage, but the major problem was one of neglect.
antimony
Semimetallic to metallic chemical element (see metal), chemical symbol Sb, atomic number 51. Of its various allotropes, the most common is a lustrous, bluish, brittle, flaky solid. In nature antimony occurs chiefly as the gray sulfide mineral stibnite, Sb2S3. Pure antimony metal has no important uses, but its alloys and compounds are extremely useful. Some antimony alloys have the rare quality of expanding on solidifying; these used for castings and for type metal. Alloys with lead are used in car batteries, bullets, and cable sheaths. Antifriction alloys with tin and lead (babbitt metals) are used as components of machine bearings. Antimony compounds (valences 3, 4, and 5) are widely used as flame retardants in paints, plastics, rubber, and textiles; others are used as paint pigments.
Antioch
City (pop., 1994 est.: 137,000), S Turkey. Founded in 300 BC by Greeks, Antioch was the center of the Seleucid kingdom until 64 BC, when the Romans made it the capital of their province of Syria. An early center of Christianity, the city was the headquarters of St. Paul c.AD 47-55. It came under Persian ...
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